Chat with AIExam 19: Population and Urbanization
______________ is the number of people living in a specific geographic area.
(39) 
VerifiedD
According to______________,Earth is a "dying planet" with too many people and too little food, compounded by environmental degradation.
(24) VerifiedA
Define the term "rural community" and summarize rural community issues in the United States.
(31) VerifiedAbout 25 percent of the U.S.population resides in rural areas,identified as communities of 2,500 people or less by the U.S.Census Bureau.
Sociologists typically identify rural communities as small,sparsely settled areas that have a relatively homogeneous population of people who primarily engage in agriculture.For individuals in rural areas who have made their livelihood through farming and other agricultural endeavors,recent decades have been very difficult for many,both financially and emotionally.Rural crises such as droughts,crop failures,and the loss of small businesses in the community have had a negative effect on many adults and their children.Like their urban counterparts,rural families have experienced problems of divorce,alcoholism,abuse and other crises,but these issues have sometimes been exacerbated by such events as the loss of the family farm or business.Since home is also the center of work in farming families,the loss of the farm may also mean the loss of family and social life.Some rural children and adolescents are also subject to injuries associated with farm work,such as livestock kicks or crushing,falling out of a tractor or pickup,and operating machinery designed for adults.
Economic opportunities are limited in many rural areas,and average salaries are typically lower than in urban areas,based on the assumption that a family can live on less money in rural communities than in cities.Rural schools typically face a severe teacher shortage and often pay salaries that lag far behind those in urban and suburban school districts.In rural areas,one of the most pressing problems is the availability of health services and doctors.Because of the pressing time constraints of tending to patients with life-threatening problems,such as heart attacks and strokes,the availability of community clinics and hospitals in rural areas may be a life-or-death matter for some residents.Loss of these facilities can have a devastating effect on people's health and life chances.Another factor is the proliferation of superstores,such as WalMart,Lowe's,and Home Depot.In some cases,these superstores have effectively put small businesses out of business because local merchants cannot meet the prices established by these large-volume discount chains.
Essay
According to economist Thomas Malthus,all of the following are positive checks on population EXCEPT:
(36) Cities are often not very accessible for people with disabilities.Harlan Hahn traces this back to .
(26) Discuss the conflict perspective on urbanization and the growth of cities.
(40) According to sociologist Lynn M.Appleton,different kinds of cities have different______________,which are prevailing ideologies of how women and men should think,feel,and act;how access to social positions and control of resources should be managed;and how relationships between men and women should be conducted.
(35) In 2011,the U.S.infant mortality rate for black infants was______________deaths per 1,000 live births,as compared with______________deaths per 1,000 for white infants.
(29) According to sociologist Emile Durkheim,______________is characterized by a simple division of labor and shared religious beliefs such as are found in small agrarian societies.
(35) Functionalists argue that cities do not grow or decline by chance.Rather,they are the product of specific decisions made by members of the capitalist class and political elites.These far-reaching decisions regarding land use and urban development benefit the members of some groups at the expense of others.
(36) ______________ is the process by which members of the middle and upper-middle classes,especially whites,move into the central city area and renovate existing properties.
(24) Emigration is the movement of people out of a geographic area to take up residency elsewhere,whereas immigration is the movement of people into a geographic area to take up residency.
(32) According to sociologist Herbert Gans,all of the following are categories of urban dwellers EXCEPT:
(29) From a global context,discuss the Marxist perspective on population growth.
(43) ______________ is an estimate of the average lifetime in years of people born in a specific year.
(44) Every year,the global population grows by only a few hundred thousand people.
(32) The first decade of the twenty-first century has resonated with pleas from undocumented workers and leaders of various immigration reform organizations asking for change in U.S.immigration and citizenship laws for millions of people who dream of U.S.citizenship.
(35) The______________suggests that migration may be fostered by groups,such as humanitarian aid organizations relocating refugees or smugglers bringing people into a country illegally,and that the actions of these groups may produce a larger stream of migrants than would otherwise be the case.
(31) In Ernest Burgess's concentric zone model,the central business district is found in:
(40) 
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