Exam 7: Deviance and Crime

All of the following are considered "victimless" crimes EXCEPT:

Men have higher arrest rates than females for prostitution,embezzlement,and runaways,but in all other categories,women have higher rates.

Crimes such as rape,homicide,and aggravated assault are examples of:

According to sociologist Robert Merton's______________theory,people feel tension when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally-approved means of achieving those goals.The goals may be material possessions and money;the approved means may include an education and/or job.

Define deviance and provide examples to illustrate your answer.

Summarize the significant features of sociologists Richard Cloward's and Lloyd Ohlin's illegitimate opportunity theory and describe the three types of gangs identified.

Deviant behaviors may include the following: suicide,abortion,homosexuality,prostitution,and illegal drug use.Provide a response that supports your position on whether or not the specific behavior is deviant.Then provide a specific circumstance in which the behavior would contradict your initial position.

Sociologist Edwin Sutherland's______________theory states that people have a greater tendency to deviate from societal norms when they frequently affiliate with individuals who are more favorable toward deviance than conformity.

Some postmodern theorists emphasize that the study of deviance reveals how the powerful exert control over the powerless by taking away their free will to think and act as they might choose.

In relation to the functionalist perspectives on deviance,describe sociologist Robert Merton's strain theory and sociologists Richard Cloward's and Lloyd Ohlin's opportunity theory.

The______________theory of deviance states that deviant behavior occurs when a person weighs the costs and benefits of nonconventional or criminal behavior and determines that the benefits will outweigh the risks involved in such actions.

Power differentials are evident in how criminals are pursued.When the suspects are young,single,urban males,law enforcement officials are______________to perceive the suspect as a criminal and give him a stricter sentence.

When individuals internalize societal norms and values that prescribe how people should behave and then follow those norms and values in their everyday lives,this is referred to as______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ social control.

The Uniform Crime Report focuses on:

Emile Durkheim believed that deviance is rooted in societal factors such as rapid social change and the lack of social integration among people.

Based on sociologist Robert Merton's strain theory,skid­row alcoholics and drug addicts reflect a pattern of:

Premeditated,continuous illegal activities of organized crime include all of the following activities EXCEPT:

______________ crimes consist of actions of force or the threat of force against others,including murder,rape,robbery,and aggravated assault.These crimes are probably the most anxiety- provoking of all criminal behavior.

In contemporary societies,the criminal justice system,which includes the police,the courts,and the prisons,is the primary mechanism of______________social control.

From the______________,lower-income and minority women typically have fewer opportunities not only for education and good jobs,but also for "high end" criminal endeavors.