Chat with AIExam 17: Religion
Some critics have attempted to eliminate all vestiges of civil religion from public life.However,sociologist Robert Bellah,who has studied civil religion extensively,argues that:
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Describe symbolic interactionist perspectives on religion and explain how women and men may view religion differently.
(43) VerifiedSymbolic interactionists focus their attention on a microlevel analysis that examines the meanings people give to religion in their everyday lives.For many people,religion serves as a reference group to help them define themselves.For example,religious symbols have meaning for large bodies of people.The Star of David holds special significance for Jews,just as the crescent moon and star do for Muslims and the cross does for Christians.For individuals as well,a symbol may have a certain meaning beyond that shared by the group.For instance,a symbolic gift given to a child may have special meaning when he or she grows up and faces war or other crises.It may not only remind the adult of a religious belief but also create a feeling of closeness with a relative who is now deceased.Not all people interpret religion in the same way.In virtually all religions,women have much less influence in establishing social definitions of appropriate gender roles both within the religious community and in the larger community.
Therefore,women and men may belong to the same religious group,but their individual
religion will not necessarily be a carbon copy of the group's entire system of beliefs.Women's versions of a certain religion probably differ markedly from men's versions.Religious symbolism and language typically create a social definition of the roles of men and women.Many women resist the subordination that they have experienced in organized religion.They have worked to change the existing rules that have excluded them or placed them in a clearly subordinate position.
Discuss the functionalist perspectives on religion.
(35) VerifiedThe following are suggested areas for students to address in their essays: State the functionalist perspective on religion
Describe the three elements (beliefs,practices,and moral community)shared by all religions according to sociologist Emile Durkheim
Discuss the religious function of meaning and purpose
Discuss the religious function of social cohesion and a sense of belonging Discuss the religious function of social control and support for the government Explain civil religion and provide an example
Encourage students to include any personal viewpoints on the functionalist perspectives on religion in their responses
Sociologist Max Weber asserted that______________was/were directly related to the rise of capitalism.
(37) The______________refers to the everyday,secular,or "worldly" aspects of life.Secular beliefs have their foundation in scientific knowledge or everyday explanations.
(33) Not only are we seeing the creation of new religious forms,but we are also seeing a dramatic revitalization of traditional forms of religious life.One example of this change is religious fundamentalism,which has found a new audience among young people age eighteen to twenty- four.
(41) A central teaching of______________was that humans are by nature good and that they learn best by having an example or model person from which to learn.
(36) The Islamic notion of jihad,meaning "struggle," is a core belief.The______________is the external struggle that takes place in the world,including violence and war.
(36) According to Emile Durkheim,all religions share three elements: (1)membership that includes radical elements, (2)a disbelief in the legitimacy of other competing religions,and (3)religious leaders who attempt to dupe the congregation.
(32) For Karl Marx,______________are systematic views of the way the world ought to be and they are embodied in religious doctrines and political values.They serve to justify the status quo and retard social change.
(23) ______________ Judaism follows the traditional practices and teachings,including eating only kosher foods prepared in a designated way,observing the traditional Sabbath,segregating women and men in religious services,and wearing traditional clothing.
(37) The relationship between the individual and something larger than oneself,such as a broader sense of connection with the surrounding world,is referred to as:
(40) Over the last 50 years Americans have become more______________with religion.
(30) Horticultural societies were among the first to practice______________,which is a belief in a single,supreme being or god who is responsible for significant events such as the creation of the world.
(35) The______________perspective focuses on the relationship between religion and women's inequality,searches for ways to highlight the patriarchal nature of religion,and seeks to reform religious language,symbols,and rituals to eliminate those elements of patriarchy.
(40) Civil religion is not tied to any one denomination or religious group;it has an identity all its own.The U.S.flag is the primary sacred object of our civil religion.
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