Exam 5: Society,social Structure,and Interaction in Everyday Life

Homeless people have lost the vital link with social structures.Social structures are essential for the survival for society and for the well-being of individuals because they provide a social web of familial support and social relationships that connects each of us to the larger society.

Role______________occurs when people consciously foster the impression of a lack of commitment or attachment to a particular role and merely go through the motions of role performance.

______________ ,or cohesion,relates to a group's ability to maintain itself in the face of obstacles.It exists when social bonds,attractions,or other forces hold members of a group in interaction over a period of time.

Role strain occurs when incompatible demands are built into a single status that a person occupies.

Knowledge is viewed as the basic source of innovation and policy formulation in______________.As a result,education becomes one of the most important social institutions.Formal education and other sources of information become crucial to the success of individuals and organizations.

______________ statuses (such as occupation,education,and income)are thought to be gained as a result of personal ability or successful competition.Most occupational positions in modern societies are these types of statuses.

A college professor projects a professional image in dress,speech,and mannerisms while actively teaching a classroom full of students.This illustrates what sociologist Erving Goffman called______________behavior.

Social institutions are transformed by industrialism.The family increases in significance as the economy,education,and political institutions grow in size and complexity.

Discuss the various aspects of roles as a component of social structure.

Horticultural and pastoral societies are more egalitarian than hunting and gathering societies.

People use role exiting techniques when they do not want others to take them as the "self" implied in a particular role,especially if they think the role is "beneath them."

In relation to social interaction (the microlevel perspective),discuss sociologist Erving Goffman's dramaturgical analysis.

______________ are characterized by an information explosion and an economy in which large numbers of people either provide or apply information,or are employed in service jobs (such as fast-food server or health care worker).

______________ occurs when incompatible role demands are placed on a person by two or more statuses held at the same time.

______________ is the complex framework of societal institutions (such as the economy,politics,and religion)and the social practices (such as rules and social roles)that make up a society and that organize and establish limits on people's behavior.

The______________theorists do not believe that social institutions work for the common good of everyone in society and are more likely to focus on inequalities that exist in society.

Sociologist______________initiated the ethnomethodology approach because he was critical of mainstream sociology for not recognizing the ongoing ways in which people create reality and produce their own world.

Define social group and explain the difference in primary groups and secondary groups.

Define nonverbal communication and explain how these concepts relate to our interactions with others.

According to______________,interaction is based on the assumption of shared expectations.For example,when you are talking with someone,you will probably have certain expectations about taking turns speaking and listening.