Question 1

Bureaucratic organizations are characterized by______________,the specialization where each member has highly specialized tasks to fulfill.

Accepted Answer

A) division of labor 
B) hierarchy of authority 
C) impersonality 
D) employment based on personal reputation 
A) division of labor 
B) hierarchy of authority 
C) impersonality 
D) employment based on personal reputation A

Question 2

According to functionalists,______________needs are particularly important for self-expression and support from family,friends,and peers.

Accepted Answer

A) expressive 
B) instrumental 
C) social 
D) individual 
A) expressive 
B) instrumental 
C) social 
D) individual A

Question 3

Describe the informal structure in bureaucracies and list its positive and negative aspects.

Accepted Answer

An organization's informal structure is composed of those aspects of participants' day­ to-day activities and interactions that ignore,bypass,or do not correspond with the official rules and procedures of the bureaucracy.
An example is an informal "grapevine" that spreads information (with varying degrees of accuracy)much faster than do official channels of communication,which tend to be slow and unresponsive.The informal structure has also been referred to as work culture because it includes the ideology and practices of workers on the job.Workers create this work culture in order to confront,resist,or adapt to the constraints of their jobs,as well as to guide and interpret social relations on the job.Two schools of thought have emerged with regard to the positive and negative aspects of informal structure.Traditional management theories are based on the assumption that people are basically lazy and motivated by greed.Consequently,informal groups must be controlled (or eliminated)in order to ensure greater worker productivity.By contrast,the other school of thought asserts that people are capable of cooperation.Thus,organizations should foster informal groups that permit people to work more efficiently toward organizational goals.

Question 4

Define networks and describe how they have changed over time.

Accepted Answer

A network is a web of social relationshi

Question 5

An organization's______________is composed of those aspects of participants' day­to­day activities and interactions that ignore,bypass,or do not correspond with the official rules and procedures of the bureaucracy.

Accepted Answer

A) other face 
B) work culture 
C) informal structure 
D) casual nature 
A) other face 
B) work culture 
C) informal structure 
D) casual nature

Question 6

There are many different ways of organizing,and these are often bound by culture.Which country typically has the less hierarchical and centralized organizational structure?

Accepted Answer

A) Russia 
B) India 
C) Japan 
D) the United States 
A) Russia 
B) India 
C) Japan 
D) the United States

Question 7

Jeremy works in an office where he has a lot of freedom and autonomy because his organization values creativity,collaboration and problems solving.He is engaged in

Accepted Answer

A) smart working 
B) a socially sustainable organization 
C) a humanized bureaucracy 
D) the iron law of oligarchy 
A) smart working 
B) a socially sustainable organization 
C) a humanized bureaucracy 
D) the iron law of oligarchy

Question 8

______________ leadership provides emotional support for members.

Accepted Answer

A) Instrumental 
B) Expressive 
C) Harmonious 
D) Primary 
A) Instrumental 
B) Expressive 
C) Harmonious 
D) Primary

Question 9

______________ leaders are only minimally involved in decision making and encourage group members to make their own decisions.

Accepted Answer

A) Democratic 
B) Authoritarian 
C) Laissez-faire 
D) Socialistic 
A) Democratic 
B) Authoritarian 
C) Laissez-faire 
D) Socialistic

Question 10

The Japanese system encourages worker loyalty and a high level of productivity.Managers are assigned to a permanent workplace and tend to become highly specialized,unlike their U.S.counterparts who are often moved through various parts of the organization.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The process of maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the norms established by a society,subculture,or other group is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) conformity 
B) anticipatory socialization 
C) enforcement 
D) total expectation 
A) conformity 
B) anticipatory socialization 
C) enforcement 
D) total expectation

Question 12

______________ are individuals who frequently serve as role models.These are people that are in our primary groups.

Accepted Answer

A) Personal others 
B) Consanguineal kin 
C) Significant others 
D) Fictive kin 
A) Personal others 
B) Consanguineal kin 
C) Significant others 
D) Fictive kin

Question 13

The textbook cites three of the major problems of bureaucracies.Which of the following is NOT identified as a major problem of bureaucracies?

Accepted Answer

A) inefficiency and rigidity 
B) resistance to change 
C) excessive rationality 
D) perpetuation of race,class,and gender inequalities 
A) inefficiency and rigidity 
B) resistance to change 
C) excessive rationality 
D) perpetuation of race,class,and gender inequalities

Question 14

In discussing primary and secondary groups,the text points out that:

Accepted Answer

A) formal organizations are secondary groups and have no primary groups within them 
B) all secondary groups are approximately the same size 
C) there are no significant others in secondary groups 
D) some of the people in a secondary group may eventually form a primary group 
A) formal organizations are secondary groups and have no primary groups within them 
B) all secondary groups are approximately the same size 
C) there are no significant others in secondary groups 
D) some of the people in a secondary group may eventually form a primary group

Question 15

In a series of experiments on pressure toward group conformity,Solomon Asch found that:

Accepted Answer

A) subjects stood by their own answers and were not influenced by the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants 
B) subjects chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants about one­third (33%)of the time 
C) subjects chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants over one­half (50%)of the time 
D) subjects always chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants 
A) subjects stood by their own answers and were not influenced by the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants 
B) subjects chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants about one­third (33%)of the time 
C) subjects chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants over one­half (50%)of the time 
D) subjects always chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants

Question 16

Political sociologist Robert Michels stated that all organizations encounter the "iron cage anarchy"-the tendency to become a bureaucracy ruled by the few.His central idea was that those who control bureaucracies wield power but have no interest in retaining their power.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Leadership in secondary groups (such as colleges,governmental agencies,and corporations)involves:

Accepted Answer

A) an informal hierarchy 
B) a friendly orientation 
C) a clearly defined chain of command 
D) a strong personality 
A) an informal hierarchy 
B) a friendly orientation 
C) a clearly defined chain of command 
D) a strong personality

Question 18

______________ used the term "trained incapacity" to characterize which workers have become so highly specialized,or have been given such fragmented jobs to do,that they are unable to come up with creative solutions to problems.

Accepted Answer

A) Robert Merton 
B) Michael Murphy 
C) Karl Marx 
D) Thorstein Veblen 
A) Robert Merton 
B) Michael Murphy 
C) Karl Marx 
D) Thorstein Veblen

Question 19

On one hand,______________may be viewed positively by group members because they do not flaunt their power or position.On the other hand,a group that needs active leadership is not likely to find it with this style of leadership,which does not work vigorously to promote group goals.

Accepted Answer

A) socialistic leaders 
B) laissez-faire leaders 
C) democratic leaders 
D) authoritarian leaders 
A) socialistic leaders 
B) laissez-faire leaders 
C) democratic leaders 
D) authoritarian leaders

Question 20

Interactions are more personal and intense in a small group,a collectivity small enough for all members to be acquainted with one another and to interact simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Bureaucratic organizations are characterized by______________,the specialization where each member has highly specialized tasks to fulfill.

According to functionalists,______________needs are particularly important for self-expression and support from family,friends,and peers.

Describe the informal structure in bureaucracies and list its positive and negative aspects.

Define networks and describe how they have changed over time.

An organization's______________is composed of those aspects of participants' daytoday activities and interactions that ignore,bypass,or do not correspond with the official rules and procedures of the bureaucracy.

There are many different ways of organizing,and these are often bound by culture.Which country typically has the less hierarchical and centralized organizational structure?

Jeremy works in an office where he has a lot of freedom and autonomy because his organization values creativity,collaboration and problems solving.He is engaged in

______________ leadership provides emotional support for members.

______________ leaders are only minimally involved in decision making and encourage group members to make their own decisions.

The Japanese system encourages worker loyalty and a high level of productivity.Managers are assigned to a permanent workplace and tend to become highly specialized,unlike their U.S.counterparts who are often moved through various parts of the organization.

The process of maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the norms established by a society,subculture,or other group is referred to as:

______________ are individuals who frequently serve as role models.These are people that are in our primary groups.

The textbook cites three of the major problems of bureaucracies.Which of the following is NOT identified as a major problem of bureaucracies?

In discussing primary and secondary groups,the text points out that:

In a series of experiments on pressure toward group conformity,Solomon Asch found that:

Political sociologist Robert Michels stated that all organizations encounter the "iron cage anarchy"-the tendency to become a bureaucracy ruled by the few.His central idea was that those who control bureaucracies wield power but have no interest in retaining their power.

Leadership in secondary groups (such as colleges,governmental agencies,and corporations)involves:

______________ used the term "trained incapacity" to characterize which workers have become so highly specialized,or have been given such fragmented jobs to do,that they are unable to come up with creative solutions to problems.

On one hand,______________may be viewed positively by group members because they do not flaunt their power or position.On the other hand,a group that needs active leadership is not likely to find it with this style of leadership,which does not work vigorously to promote group goals.

Interactions are more personal and intense in a small group,a collectivity small enough for all members to be acquainted with one another and to interact simultaneously.

The Sociological Perspective

Sociological Research Methods

Culture

Socialization

Society,social Structure,and Interaction in Everyday Life

Deviance and Crime

Class and Stratification in the United States

Global Stratification

Race and Ethnicity

Sex,gender,and Sexuality

Aging and Inequality Based on Age

The Economy and Work in Global Perspective

Politics and Government in Global Perspective

Families and Intimate Relationships

Education

Religion

Health,health Care,and Disability

Population and Urbanization

Collective Behavior, social Movements, and Social Change

Filters

Exam 6: Groups and Organizations

Bureaucratic organizations are characterized by______________,the specialization where each member has highly specialized tasks to fulfill.

According to functionalists,______________needs are particularly important for self-expression and support from family,friends,and peers.

Describe the informal structure in bureaucracies and list its positive and negative aspects.

Define networks and describe how they have changed over time.

An organization's______________is composed of those aspects of participants' day­to­day activities and interactions that ignore,bypass,or do not correspond with the official rules and procedures of the bureaucracy.

There are many different ways of organizing,and these are often bound by culture.Which country typically has the less hierarchical and centralized organizational structure?

Jeremy works in an office where he has a lot of freedom and autonomy because his organization values creativity,collaboration and problems solving.He is engaged in

______________ leadership provides emotional support for members.

______________ leaders are only minimally involved in decision making and encourage group members to make their own decisions.

The Japanese system encourages worker loyalty and a high level of productivity.Managers are assigned to a permanent workplace and tend to become highly specialized,unlike their U.S.counterparts who are often moved through various parts of the organization.

The process of maintaining or changing behavior to comply with the norms established by a society,subculture,or other group is referred to as:

______________ are individuals who frequently serve as role models.These are people that are in our primary groups.

The textbook cites three of the major problems of bureaucracies.Which of the following is NOT identified as a major problem of bureaucracies?

In discussing primary and secondary groups,the text points out that:

In a series of experiments on pressure toward group conformity,Solomon Asch found that:

Political sociologist Robert Michels stated that all organizations encounter the "iron cage anarchy"-the tendency to become a bureaucracy ruled by the few.His central idea was that those who control bureaucracies wield power but have no interest in retaining their power.

Leadership in secondary groups (such as colleges,governmental agencies,and corporations)involves:

______________ used the term "trained incapacity" to characterize which workers have become so highly specialized,or have been given such fragmented jobs to do,that they are unable to come up with creative solutions to problems.

On one hand,______________may be viewed positively by group members because they do not flaunt their power or position.On the other hand,a group that needs active leadership is not likely to find it with this style of leadership,which does not work vigorously to promote group goals.

Interactions are more personal and intense in a small group,a collectivity small enough for all members to be acquainted with one another and to interact simultaneously.

The Sociological Perspective

Sociological Research Methods

Culture

Socialization

Society,social Structure,and Interaction in Everyday Life

Deviance and Crime

Class and Stratification in the United States

Global Stratification

Race and Ethnicity

Sex,gender,and Sexuality

Aging and Inequality Based on Age

The Economy and Work in Global Perspective

Politics and Government in Global Perspective

Families and Intimate Relationships

Education

Religion

Health,health Care,and Disability

Population and Urbanization

Collective Behavior, social Movements, and Social Change

Filters

An organization's______________is composed of those aspects of participants' daytoday activities and interactions that ignore,bypass,or do not correspond with the official rules and procedures of the bureaucracy.