Exam 3: Culture

A fashion is a currently valued style of behavior,thinking,or appearance that is longer lasting and more widespread than a fad.

In the month of December,many Jewish families celebrate "Chanukah" (the Festival of Light),during which special foods are served and families engage in ritual activity unique to their religious faith.In this context,members of the Jewish faith would represent a:

Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski suggested that culture helps people meet their needs.Which of the following is NOT one of the categories that he identified?

______________ consists of activities,products,and services that are assumed to appeal primarily to members of the middle and working classes.These include rock concerts,spectator sports,movies,and television soap operas and situation comedies.

______________ is the knowledge,language,values,customs,and material objects that are passed from person to person and from one generation to the next in a human group or society.

Distinguish between discovery,invention,and diffusion as means of cultural change.

State the definition of norms and distinguish between folkways,mores,and taboos.

Jeffery was convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison for this offense.He also practiced cannibalism on his victims.In this situation,the act of murder could be described as the violation of a______________,while cannibalism could be described as the violation of a______________.

______________ deals with disputes among persons or groups.Persons who lose these types of law suits may encounter negative sanctions,such as having to pay compensation to the other party or being ordered to stop certain conduct.

Norms do not dictate which behaviors are appropriate and which ones are not,but they provide us with the standards by which we evaluate people,objects,and events.

According to sociologists,______________is the practice of judging all other cultures by one's own culture.It is based on the assumption that one's own way of life is superior to all others.

Sociologists agree that cultural universals are always functional.

A______________is a large social grouping that occupies the same geographical territory and is subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations.

______________ is the process of reshaping existing cultural items into a new form.Guns,video games,and airplanes are examples that positively or negatively affect our lives today.

Define cultural diversity and contrast homogeneous societies with heterogeneous societies.

The growing popularity of fast food restaurants throughout many parts of the world is an example of:

Taboos are mores so strong that their violation is considered to be extremely offensive and even unmentionable.

Human behavior is often explained from a nature versus nurture argument.______________refers to influences on individuals from the social environment.

All societies,including the United States,have value contradictions.Define and provide an example of a value contradiction.

Spiders do not learn to build webs.They build webs because of______________that are triggered by basic biological needs such as protection and reproduction.