Question 1

A researcher reported significant results for a study, noting that ".05 > p." What is NOT standard about this expression?

Accepted Answer

A) ")05" should have been written as "5%" B) "p" should be Z C) ")05 > p" should have been written "p < .05" D) nothing is wrong with this expression (it is standard) A) ")05" should have been written as "5%" B) "p" should be Z C) ")05 > p" should have been written "p < .05" D) nothing is wrong with this expression (it is standard)

Question 2

In a(n)_________, the region of the comparison distribution in which the null hypothesis would be rejected is all on one side of the distribution.

Accepted Answer

one-tailed

Question 3

Which of the following statements is most accurate about hypothesis testing?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a central theme in the statistical analysis of virtually all social science research. 
B) It is a simple part of statistics that applies to approximately three statistical procedures. 
C) It is a fairly uncommon way of using statistics. 
D) It is a kind of statistical procedure that is used mainly as part of descriptive statistics. 
A) It is a central theme in the statistical analysis of virtually all social science research. 
B) It is a simple part of statistics that applies to approximately three statistical procedures. 
C) It is a fairly uncommon way of using statistics. 
D) It is a kind of statistical procedure that is used mainly as part of descriptive statistics.

Question 4

The __________ distribution represents the situation if the null hypothesis is true.

Accepted Answer

comparison

Question 5

Most behavioral and social scientists use the ________ significance level, but those wanting to be more conservative commonly use the ________ levels.

Accepted Answer

.05; .01 o

Question 6

A Type I error is the result of:

Accepted Answer

A) improper measurement techniques on the part of the researcher 
B) failing to reject the null hypothesis when, in fact, it is true 
C) incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis 
D) incorrectly accepting the null hypothesis 
A) improper measurement techniques on the part of the researcher 
B) failing to reject the null hypothesis when, in fact, it is true 
C) incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis 
D) incorrectly accepting the null hypothesis

Question 7

Suppose that a researcher wants to know if a new flu drug affects people, either by making them better or worse. Would this be a one-tailed or two-tailed test and why?

Accepted Answer

A) One-tailed because only one issue is discussed-the drug 
B) One-tailed because there is only one interaction, which is between the flu and the drug 
C) Two-tailed because there are two variables-whether or not people take the drug and how their flu is affected 
D) Two-tailed because there is no predicted direction of the effect of the drug 
A) One-tailed because only one issue is discussed-the drug 
B) One-tailed because there is only one interaction, which is between the flu and the drug 
C) Two-tailed because there are two variables-whether or not people take the drug and how their flu is affected 
D) Two-tailed because there is no predicted direction of the effect of the drug

Question 8

A(n)__________ hypothesis is a research hypothesis predicting that one population will have higher scores than the other.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)__________ hypothesis is a research hypothesis predicting...

Question 9

What does it mean if a researcher said she rejected the null hypothesis at the .05 level?

Accepted Answer

A) There was less than a 5% chance that she would have gotten such an extreme result by chance if the null hypothesis were true. 
B) There was more than a 5% chance that she would have gotten such an extreme result by chance if the null hypothesis were true. 
C) There is a 5% chance that there is a difference between the two populations she is testing if the null hypothesis were true. 
D) There is a 95% chance that the research hypothesis is true. 
A) There was less than a 5% chance that she would have gotten such an extreme result by chance if the null hypothesis were true. 
B) There was more than a 5% chance that she would have gotten such an extreme result by chance if the null hypothesis were true. 
C) There is a 5% chance that there is a difference between the two populations she is testing if the null hypothesis were true. 
D) There is a 95% chance that the research hypothesis is true.

Question 10

The cutoff sample score is also known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) critical value 
B) sampling distribution 
C) null value 
D) sample Z score 
A) critical value 
B) sampling distribution 
C) null value 
D) sample Z score

Question 11

Do children from lower socioeconomic status (SES)neighborhoods have lower than average test-taking skills? A researcher administered a standard measure of test-taking skills to a randomly chosen child from a low-SES neighborhood and found him to have a score of 38. The average on this measure for the population in general is 50 with a standard deviation of 10. What should you conclude about whether those in low-SES neighborhoods have lower test-taking ability? (Use the .01 significance level.)
a. Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b. Sketch the distributions involved.
c. Explain the logic of what you did (be sure your explanation includes the overall logic of hypothesis testing, including each of the five steps).

Accepted Answer

Cutoff (.05 level, one-tailed-

Question 12

The comparison distribution is based on the distribution of the voting behavior of _________.

Accepted Answer

people in

Question 13

In hypothesis testing, a statement about the predicted relation between populations (often a prediction of difference between population means)is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In hypothesis testing, a statement about the...

Question 14

A _________________ is a set of principles that attempts to explain one or more facts, relations, or events.

Accepted Answer

A) curve 
B) table 
C) theory 
D) deviation 
A) curve 
B) table 
C) theory 
D) deviation

Question 15

A Type I error occurs when you obtain a statistically significant result when in fact __________.

Accepted Answer

the research hypothe

Question 16

The researchers would use a(n)_________ -tailed test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The researchers would use a(n)_________ -tailed test....

Question 17

Researchers can always tell when they have made a Type I or Type II error. (True or False)

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In hypothesis testing, a statement that there is no difference between populations (or a difference opposite to that predicted)is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In hypothesis testing, a statement that there...

Question 19

Does computer-assisted instruction help children with reading difficulties to learn reading skills at a faster than normal rate? A researcher arranged for one of these children to have access to a set of computer-learning programs instead of the normal reading curriculum for one term. At the end of the term, the researcher tested her on a standardized reading ability test on which the mean for children with reading difficulties is 36 with a standard deviation of 6. The test participant scored 47. Was this result significant at the .05 level?
a. Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b. Explain the logic of what you did (be sure your explanation includes the overall logic of hypothesis testing, including each of the five steps).

Accepted Answer

Cutoff (.05 level, one-tailed-

Question 20

The results of a study are not extreme enough to reject the null hypothesis. What can the researcher conclude with reasonable confidence?

Accepted Answer

A) Results support the null hypothesis. 
B) Results prove that the null hypothesis is true. 
C) Results support the research hypothesis. 
D) None of the above; the results are inconclusive. 
A) Results support the null hypothesis. 
B) Results prove that the null hypothesis is true. 
C) Results support the research hypothesis. 
D) None of the above; the results are inconclusive.

A researcher reported significant results for a study, noting that ".05 > p." What is NOT standard about this expression?

In a(n)_________, the region of the comparison distribution in which the null hypothesis would be rejected is all on one side of the distribution.

Which of the following statements is most accurate about hypothesis testing?

The __________ distribution represents the situation if the null hypothesis is true.

Most behavioral and social scientists use the significance level, but those wanting to be more conservative commonly use the levels.

A Type I error is the result of:

Suppose that a researcher wants to know if a new flu drug affects people, either by making them better or worse. Would this be a one-tailed or two-tailed test and why?

A(n)__________ hypothesis is a research hypothesis predicting that one population will have higher scores than the other.

What does it mean if a researcher said she rejected the null hypothesis at the .05 level?

The cutoff sample score is also known as the:

The comparison distribution is based on the distribution of the voting behavior of _________.

In hypothesis testing, a statement about the predicted relation between populations (often a prediction of difference between population means)is called the __________.

A _________________ is a set of principles that attempts to explain one or more facts, relations, or events.

A Type I error occurs when you obtain a statistically significant result when in fact __________.

The researchers would use a(n)_________ -tailed test.

Researchers can always tell when they have made a Type I or Type II error. (True or False)

In hypothesis testing, a statement that there is no difference between populations (or a difference opposite to that predicted)is called the __________.

The results of a study are not extreme enough to reject the null hypothesis. What can the researcher conclude with reasonable confidence?

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs

The Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Z Scores

Correlation and Prediction

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance: Effect Size and Statistical Power

Introduction to the T Test: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Chi-Square Tests and Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal

Applying Statistical Methods in Your Own Research Project

Filters

Exam 5: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

A researcher reported significant results for a study, noting that ".05 > p." What is NOT standard about this expression?

In a(n)_________, the region of the comparison distribution in which the null hypothesis would be rejected is all on one side of the distribution.

Which of the following statements is most accurate about hypothesis testing?

The __________ distribution represents the situation if the null hypothesis is true.

Most behavioral and social scientists use the ________ significance level, but those wanting to be more conservative commonly use the ________ levels.

A Type I error is the result of:

Suppose that a researcher wants to know if a new flu drug affects people, either by making them better or worse. Would this be a one-tailed or two-tailed test and why?

A(n)__________ hypothesis is a research hypothesis predicting that one population will have higher scores than the other.

What does it mean if a researcher said she rejected the null hypothesis at the .05 level?

The cutoff sample score is also known as the:

The comparison distribution is based on the distribution of the voting behavior of _________.

In hypothesis testing, a statement about the predicted relation between populations (often a prediction of difference between population means)is called the __________.

A _________________ is a set of principles that attempts to explain one or more facts, relations, or events.

A Type I error occurs when you obtain a statistically significant result when in fact __________.

The researchers would use a(n)_________ -tailed test.

Researchers can always tell when they have made a Type I or Type II error. (True or False)

In hypothesis testing, a statement that there is no difference between populations (or a difference opposite to that predicted)is called the __________.

The results of a study are not extreme enough to reject the null hypothesis. What can the researcher conclude with reasonable confidence?

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs

The Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Z Scores

Correlation and Prediction

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance: Effect Size and Statistical Power

Introduction to the T Test: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Chi-Square Tests and Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal

Applying Statistical Methods in Your Own Research Project

Filters

Most behavioral and social scientists use the significance level, but those wanting to be more conservative commonly use the levels.