Question 1

There is a special complication when using a two-tailed test. The researcher must:

Accepted Answer

A) multiply the significance percentage by .05 
B) divide the significance percentage by .05 
C) divide up the significance percentage between the two tails of the distribution 
D) divide up the significance percentage by the four quartiles of the distribution 
A) multiply the significance percentage by .05 
B) divide the significance percentage by .05 
C) divide up the significance percentage between the two tails of the distribution 
D) divide up the significance percentage by the four quartiles of the distribution

Question 2

Type II errors concern scientists because:

Accepted Answer

A) it could mean that a good theory or beneficial practice is not used 
B) it means that the experiment must be repeated to confirm the positive result 
C) rejecting the null hypothesis should only occur when the research hypothesis is true 
D) future researchers might build entire theories based on a mistakenly significant result 
A) it could mean that a good theory or beneficial practice is not used 
B) it means that the experiment must be repeated to confirm the positive result 
C) rejecting the null hypothesis should only occur when the research hypothesis is true 
D) future researchers might build entire theories based on a mistakenly significant result

Question 3

Suppose the cutoff Z score on the comparison distribution is ±2.31. You could reject the null hypothesis if the sample value's Z score on this distribution was:

Accepted Answer

A) -2.16 
B) -1.41 
C) 2.16 
D) 2.83 
A) -2.16 
B) -1.41 
C) 2.16 
D) 2.83

Question 4

The cutoff Z scores associated with a one-tailed test at the .05 significance level are _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cutoff Z scores associated with a...

Question 5

What is a decision error? If you set a lenient significance level , what is the effect on the probability of at Type I and Type II error?

Accepted Answer

A decision error is a conclusion drawn f

Question 6

When it comes to setting significance levels, protecting against one kind of decision error decreases the chance of making the other. (True or False)

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

For the following question(s): A researcher wants to know whether people who listen regularly to radio talk shows are more or less likely to vote in national elections than are people in general.
-The ________ is that there is no difference in voting between those who do and do not listen regularly to radio talk shows.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the following question(s): A researcher wants...

Question 8

When the null hypothesis is rejected, the results of a study are said to be ________.

Accepted Answer

statistica

Question 9

What is the argument for using a one-tailed test when there is a clear basis for predicting a result in a given direction?

Accepted Answer

A) The underlying mathematics of one-tailed tests are more accurate. 
B) If the result is opposite to the prediction, the researcher can still do a two-tailed test later. 
C) It is more conservative, in the sense that in using a one-tailed test it is harder to reject the null hypothesis. 
D) A particular theory is being tested, and if the results come out opposite to the theory, that adds no more information than if the result simply had not been significant. 
A) The underlying mathematics of one-tailed tests are more accurate. 
B) If the result is opposite to the prediction, the researcher can still do a two-tailed test later. 
C) It is more conservative, in the sense that in using a one-tailed test it is harder to reject the null hypothesis. 
D) A particular theory is being tested, and if the results come out opposite to the theory, that adds no more information than if the result simply had not been significant.

Question 10

Do children raised in a communal environment differ from children in general in their ability to recognize emotional expression? A standard test of emotional expression shows a series of pictures of various facial expressions. In this series, the average child in the population in general can identify 14 with a standard deviation of 3. The researcher administers the picture test to a randomly selected child raised in a communal environment. The child was able to identify 16 expressions correctly. Based on this result, what should you conclude about whether being raised in a communal environment makes any difference in children's ability to recognize emotional expression? (Use the .01 level.)
a. Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b. Sketch the distributions involved.
c. Explain the logic of what you did (be sure your explanation includes the overall logic of hypothesis testing, including each of the five steps).

Accepted Answer

Cutoff (.01 level, two-tailed)

Question 11

A researcher tests whether a new teaching method is more effective than the old one. What is the RESEARCH hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) The new teaching method is more effective than the old teaching method. 
B) The old teaching method is more effective than the new teaching method. 
C) There is no difference in effectiveness between the old teaching method and the new teaching method. 
D) There is some difference in effectiveness between the old teaching method and the new teaching method, but which is more effective is not predicted. 
A) The new teaching method is more effective than the old teaching method. 
B) The old teaching method is more effective than the new teaching method. 
C) There is no difference in effectiveness between the old teaching method and the new teaching method. 
D) There is some difference in effectiveness between the old teaching method and the new teaching method, but which is more effective is not predicted.

Question 12

A popular music magazine has speculated that the average length of a song on one of today's popular CDs is 3.75 minutes with a standard deviation of .75 minutes. A randomly selected song of a particular new type of music is 5 minutes. Based on this one case, what can you conclude about whether this new type of music is longer than popular songs in general? (Use the .05 level.)
a. Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.
b. Sketch the distributions involved.
c. Explain the logic of what you did (be sure your explanation includes the overall logic of hypothesis testing, including each of the five steps).
d. Would the conclusion be different if you utilized the .01 level of significance?

Accepted Answer

Cutoff (.05 level, one-tailed-high)= 1.6

Question 13

For the following question(s): A study tests the prediction that people who spend a great deal of time on the beach have more eye problems than people in general.
-The null hypothesis is _________.

Accepted Answer

People who spend a great deal

Question 14

Place the five steps of the hypothesis-testing process in the correct order: 1. Determine the characteristics of the comparison distribution.
2) Decide whether to reject the null hypothesis.
3) Restate the question as a research hypothesis and a null hypothesis about the populations.
4) Determine your sample's score on the comparison distribution.
5) Determine the cutoff sample score on the comparison distribution at which the null hypothesis should be rejected.

Accepted Answer

A) 2, 4, 1, 5, 3 
B) 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 
C) 1, 3, 5, 4, 2 
D) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2 
A) 2, 4, 1, 5, 3 
B) 3, 4, 1, 5, 2 
C) 1, 3, 5, 4, 2 
D) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2

Question 15

For the following question(s): A researcher is interested in a new kind of exercise. This new exercise can be done by anyone because it does not require any equipment, and therefore could be potentially beneficial without cost to the person. The researcher is interested in whether this new exercise will reduce the rate of heart attacks in the people who participate in doing it.
-What is the null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) People will participate because it does not cost them any money. 
B) The exercise will make no difference in the rate of heart attacks. 
C) The exercise will reduce the rate of heart attacks. 
D) The exercise will increase the rate of heart attacks. 
A) People will participate because it does not cost them any money. 
B) The exercise will make no difference in the rate of heart attacks. 
C) The exercise will reduce the rate of heart attacks. 
D) The exercise will increase the rate of heart attacks.

Question 16

A theory usually gives rise to various specific _____________ that can be tested in research studies.

Accepted Answer

A) t tests 
B) hypotheses 
C) Z scores 
D) formulations 
A) t tests 
B) hypotheses 
C) Z scores 
D) formulations

Question 17

The significance level is the same as the chance of making a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The significance level is the same as...

Question 18

If the value of the sample is more extreme than the _________ on the comparison distribution, then the null hypothesis will be rejected.

Accepted Answer

cutoff, cr

Question 19

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is true is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) the probability of rejection 
B) the error term 
C) a Type I error 
D) a Type II error 
A) the probability of rejection 
B) the error term 
C) a Type I error 
D) a Type II error

There is a special complication when using a two-tailed test. The researcher must:

Type II errors concern scientists because:

Suppose the cutoff Z score on the comparison distribution is ±2.31. You could reject the null hypothesis if the sample value's Z score on this distribution was:

The cutoff Z scores associated with a one-tailed test at the .05 significance level are _________.

What is a decision error? If you set a lenient significance level , what is the effect on the probability of at Type I and Type II error?

When it comes to setting significance levels, protecting against one kind of decision error decreases the chance of making the other. (True or False)

When the null hypothesis is rejected, the results of a study are said to be ________.

What is the argument for using a one-tailed test when there is a clear basis for predicting a result in a given direction?

A researcher tests whether a new teaching method is more effective than the old one. What is the RESEARCH hypothesis?

For the following question(s): A study tests the prediction that people who spend a great deal of time on the beach have more eye problems than people in general. -The null hypothesis is _________.

A theory usually gives rise to various specific _____________ that can be tested in research studies.

The significance level is the same as the chance of making a(n)________.

If the value of the sample is more extreme than the _________ on the comparison distribution, then the null hypothesis will be rejected.

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is true is referred to as:

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs

The Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Z Scores

Correlation and Prediction

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance: Effect Size and Statistical Power

Introduction to the T Test: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Chi-Square Tests and Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal

Applying Statistical Methods in Your Own Research Project

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Exam 5: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing

There is a special complication when using a two-tailed test. The researcher must:

Type II errors concern scientists because:

Suppose the cutoff Z score on the comparison distribution is ±2.31. You could reject the null hypothesis if the sample value's Z score on this distribution was:

The cutoff Z scores associated with a one-tailed test at the .05 significance level are _________.

What is a decision error? If you set a lenient significance level , what is the effect on the probability of at Type I and Type II error?

When it comes to setting significance levels, protecting against one kind of decision error decreases the chance of making the other. (True or False)

When the null hypothesis is rejected, the results of a study are said to be ________.

What is the argument for using a one-tailed test when there is a clear basis for predicting a result in a given direction?

A researcher tests whether a new teaching method is more effective than the old one. What is the RESEARCH hypothesis?

For the following question(s): A study tests the prediction that people who spend a great deal of time on the beach have more eye problems than people in general. -The null hypothesis is _________.

A theory usually gives rise to various specific _____________ that can be tested in research studies.

The significance level is the same as the chance of making a(n)________.

If the value of the sample is more extreme than the _________ on the comparison distribution, then the null hypothesis will be rejected.

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when the research hypothesis is true is referred to as:

Displaying the Order in a Group of Numbers Using Tables and Graphs

The Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation, and Z Scores

Correlation and Prediction

Some Key Ingredients for Inferential Statistics: the Normal Curve, Sample Versus Population, and Probability

Hypothesis Tests With Means of Samples

Making Sense of Statistical Significance: Effect Size and Statistical Power

Introduction to the T Test: Single Sample and Dependent Means

The T Test for Independent Means

Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Chi-Square Tests and Strategies When Population Distributions Are Not Normal

Applying Statistical Methods in Your Own Research Project

Filters