Question 1

Which is/are TRUE of viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  They may suppress the production of MHC class II molecules. 
B)  They may prevent induction of host cell apoptosis. 
C)  They may bind to MHC class II antigens. 
D)  They may produce an MHC class III mimic molecules. 
E)  They are facultative intracellular parasites. 
A)  They may suppress the production of MHC class II molecules. 
B)  They may prevent induction of host cell apoptosis. 
C)  They may bind to MHC class II antigens. 
D)  They may produce an MHC class III mimic molecules. 
E)  They are facultative intracellular parasites.

Question 2

Bacteria may survive phagocytosis by

Accepted Answer

A)  preventing fusion of the lysosome with the phagosome AND mimicking host molecules. 
B)  avoiding recognition and attachment of lymphocytes AND lysing the phagosome. 
C)  lysing the phagosome AND mimicking host molecules. 
D)  preventing encounters with phagocytes AND preventing fusion of two phagosomes. 
E)  preventing fusion of the lysosome with the phagosome AND lysing the phagosome. 
A)  preventing fusion of the lysosome with the phagosome AND mimicking host molecules. 
B)  avoiding recognition and attachment of lymphocytes AND lysing the phagosome. 
C)  lysing the phagosome AND mimicking host molecules. 
D)  preventing encounters with phagocytes AND preventing fusion of two phagosomes. 
E)  preventing fusion of the lysosome with the phagosome AND lysing the phagosome.

Question 3

Organisms that are found together and interact on a more or less permanent basis are in a relationship termed

Accepted Answer

A)  mutualism. 
B)  parasitism. 
C)  symbiosis. 
D)  transient microbiota. 
E)  variance. 
A)  mutualism. 
B)  parasitism. 
C)  symbiosis. 
D)  transient microbiota. 
E)  variance.

Question 4

Select the correct sequence for proving Koch's postulates.
1) The microorganism must be recovered from the experimentally infected hosts.
2) The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease.
3) The same disease must be produced when a pure culture of the microorganism is introduced into susceptible hosts.
4) The microorganism must be grown in pure culture from diseased hosts.

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 4, 3, 1 
B)  1, 2, 3, 4 
C)  1, 3, 2, 4 
D)  4, 3, 1, 2 
E)  4, 1, 2, 3 
A)  2, 4, 3, 1 
B)  1, 2, 3, 4 
C)  1, 3, 2, 4 
D)  4, 3, 1, 2 
E)  4, 1, 2, 3

Question 5

Please select the correct definition of balanced pathogenicity.

Accepted Answer

A)  A host-parasite relationship in which the parasite persists in the host, causing maximal harm. The pathogen becomes more virulent while the host becomes increasingly susceptible. 
B)  A generated balance in the microbiome that may be caused by taking antimicrobial medications. It generally helps the host maintain optimal health. 
C)  A mechanism that allows bacteria to transfer gene products directly into host cells, inducing changes such as altering the cell's cytoskeleton structure. 
D)  A situation in which an abnormally high number of TH cells (effector helper T cells) are stimulated, causing a massive release of cytokines (a "cytokine storm"). 
E)  A host-parasite relationship in which the parasite persists in the host while causing minimal harm. The pathogen becomes less virulent while the host becomes less susceptible. 
A)  A host-parasite relationship in which the parasite persists in the host, causing maximal harm. The pathogen becomes more virulent while the host becomes increasingly susceptible. 
B)  A generated balance in the microbiome that may be caused by taking antimicrobial medications. It generally helps the host maintain optimal health. 
C)  A mechanism that allows bacteria to transfer gene products directly into host cells, inducing changes such as altering the cell's cytoskeleton structure. 
D)  A situation in which an abnormally high number of TH cells (effector helper T cells) are stimulated, causing a massive release of cytokines (a "cytokine storm"). 
E)  A host-parasite relationship in which the parasite persists in the host while causing minimal harm. The pathogen becomes less virulent while the host becomes less susceptible.

Question 6

A strong attachment of a microorganism to a host cell automatically leads to disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The interaction of all organisms within a biological community with their environment is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  group. 
B)  cluster. 
C)  ecosystem. 
D)  network. 
E)  family. 
A)  group. 
B)  cluster. 
C)  ecosystem. 
D)  network. 
E)  family.

Question 8

Jay tells you that he ate chicken for dinner, which you suspect is the source of his infection. You tell Jay that infectious disease progresses through several stages, and that he is in the

Accepted Answer

A)  incubation period. 
B)  prodromal period. 
C)  illness phase. 
D)  recovery phase. 
E)  convalescence stage. 
A)  incubation period. 
B)  prodromal period. 
C)  illness phase. 
D)  recovery phase. 
E)  convalescence stage.

Question 9

Adhesins are

Accepted Answer

A)  involved in the first step of the infectious process AND are endotoxins. 
B)  involved in the first step of the infectious process AND are often found at the tip of pili. 
C)  often found at the tip of pili AND are endotoxins. 
D)  exotoxins AND are involved in the first step of the infectious process. 
E)  are exotoxins OR are endotoxins. 
A)  involved in the first step of the infectious process AND are endotoxins. 
B)  involved in the first step of the infectious process AND are often found at the tip of pili. 
C)  often found at the tip of pili AND are endotoxins. 
D)  exotoxins AND are involved in the first step of the infectious process. 
E)  are exotoxins OR are endotoxins.

Question 10

Growth of a parasitic organism in or on the host is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  colonization. 
B)  infection. 
C)  pathogenism. 
D)  mutualism. 
E)  commensalism. 
A)  colonization. 
B)  infection. 
C)  pathogenism. 
D)  mutualism. 
E)  commensalism.

Question 11

C5a peptidase

Accepted Answer

A)  is a virulence factor. 
B)  synthesizes C5a. 
C)  is produced by the host cell in response to infection. 
D)  is a molecule promoting chemotaxis. 
E)  is a virulence factor AND is a molecule promoting chemotaxis. 
A)  is a virulence factor. 
B)  synthesizes C5a. 
C)  is produced by the host cell in response to infection. 
D)  is a molecule promoting chemotaxis. 
E)  is a virulence factor AND is a molecule promoting chemotaxis.

Question 12

You think that Jay may have a Salmonella infection. Although a person's normal gastrointestinal microbiota protects them from pathogenic infections, in this case, Jay has contracted the disease. You explain to Jay the role his normal microbiota plays in excluding pathogens, including

Accepted Answer

A)  covering binding sites that might otherwise be used for attachment by a pathogen 
B)  consuming available nutrients (thus "starving") the pathogen AND reducing water and oxygen availability in their immediate environment 
C)  producing compounds toxic to other bacteria AND phagocytizing any incoming pathogenic cells 
D)  producing compounds toxic to other bacteria, consuming available nutrients (thus "starving" the pathogen) AND covering binding sites that might otherwise be used for attachment by a pathogen. 
E)  producing compounds toxic to other bacteria, secreting carbohydrate "traps" that catch foreign bacteria AND phagocytizing any incoming pathogenic cells 
A)  covering binding sites that might otherwise be used for attachment by a pathogen 
B)  consuming available nutrients (thus "starving") the pathogen AND reducing water and oxygen availability in their immediate environment 
C)  producing compounds toxic to other bacteria AND phagocytizing any incoming pathogenic cells 
D)  producing compounds toxic to other bacteria, consuming available nutrients (thus "starving" the pathogen) AND covering binding sites that might otherwise be used for attachment by a pathogen. 
E)  producing compounds toxic to other bacteria, secreting carbohydrate "traps" that catch foreign bacteria AND phagocytizing any incoming pathogenic cells

Question 13

Only Gram-positive bacteria produce exotoxins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which is true about superantigens?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are a type of exotoxin AND they stimulate an abnormally high number of TC cells. 
B)  They bind to MHC class II molecules on T cells AND they are a type of endotoxin. 
C)  They bind to MHC class II molecules on T cells AND they enhance specific antibody production. 
D)  They are processed intracellularly AND they are a type of endotoxin. 
E)  They are a type of exotoxin AND they bind to MHC class II molecules on T cells. 
A)  They are a type of exotoxin AND they stimulate an abnormally high number of TC cells. 
B)  They bind to MHC class II molecules on T cells AND they are a type of endotoxin. 
C)  They bind to MHC class II molecules on T cells AND they enhance specific antibody production. 
D)  They are processed intracellularly AND they are a type of endotoxin. 
E)  They are a type of exotoxin AND they bind to MHC class II molecules on T cells.

Question 15

The chemical nature of endotoxins is that of a

Accepted Answer

A)  protein. 
B)  lipopolysaccharide. 
C)  nucleic acid. 
D)  lipid. 
E)  carbohydrate. 
A)  protein. 
B)  lipopolysaccharide. 
C)  nucleic acid. 
D)  lipid. 
E)  carbohydrate.

Question 16

The spread of toxin via circulation is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  septicemia 
B)  bacteremia 
C)  toxemia 
D)  sepsis 
E)  viremia 
A)  septicemia 
B)  bacteremia 
C)  toxemia 
D)  sepsis 
E)  viremia

Question 17

A disease-causing microorganism or virus is referred to as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  avirulent infection. 
B)  colony. 
C)  commensal. 
D)  pathogen. 
E)  virulent. 
A)  avirulent infection. 
B)  colony. 
C)  commensal. 
D)  pathogen. 
E)  virulent.

Question 18

The period of time between exposure to an agent and the onset of disease signs and symptoms is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  prodromal phase. 
B)  decline phase. 
C)  incubation period. 
D)  lag phase. 
E)  carrier phase. 
A)  prodromal phase. 
B)  decline phase. 
C)  incubation period. 
D)  lag phase. 
E)  carrier phase.

Question 19

An infectious disease is an infection that impairs the normal state of health.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Colonization of the body is inhibited by

Accepted Answer

A)  the shedding of skin cells. 
B)  the movement of mucus by cilia. 
C)  peristalsis in the digestive tract. 
D)  the flushing action of the urinary tract. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  the shedding of skin cells. 
B)  the movement of mucus by cilia. 
C)  peristalsis in the digestive tract. 
D)  the flushing action of the urinary tract. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Exam 16: Host-Microbe Interactions

Which is/are TRUE of viruses?

Bacteria may survive phagocytosis by

Organisms that are found together and interact on a more or less permanent basis are in a relationship termed

Please select the correct definition of balanced pathogenicity.

A strong attachment of a microorganism to a host cell automatically leads to disease.

The interaction of all organisms within a biological community with their environment is called a(n)

Jay tells you that he ate chicken for dinner, which you suspect is the source of his infection. You tell Jay that infectious disease progresses through several stages, and that he is in the

Adhesins are

Growth of a parasitic organism in or on the host is referred to as

C5a peptidase

You think that Jay may have a Salmonella infection. Although a person's normal gastrointestinal microbiota protects them from pathogenic infections, in this case, Jay has contracted the disease. You explain to Jay the role his normal microbiota plays in excluding pathogens, including

Only Gram-positive bacteria produce exotoxins.

Which is true about superantigens?

The chemical nature of endotoxins is that of a

The spread of toxin via circulation is called ________.

A disease-causing microorganism or virus is referred to as a(n)

The period of time between exposure to an agent and the onset of disease signs and symptoms is called the

An infectious disease is an infection that impairs the normal state of health.

Colonization of the body is inhibited by

Humans and the Microbial World

The Molecules of Life

Microscopy and Cell Structure

Dynamics of Microbial Growth

Control of Microbial Growth

Microbial Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth

The Blueprint of Life, From Dna to Protein

Bacterial Genetics

Biotechnology

Identifying and Classifying Microorganisms

The Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

The Eukaryotic Members of the Microbial World

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

The Innate Immune Response

The Adaptive Immune Response

Immunological Disorders

Applications of Immune Responses

Epidemiology

Antimicrobial Medications

Respiratory System Infections

Skin Infections

Wound Infections

Digestive System Infections

Blood and Lymphatic Infections

Nervous System Infections

Genitourinary Tract Infections

Microbial Ecology

Environmental Microbiology: Treatment of Water, Wastes, and Polluted Habitats

Food Microbiology

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