Exam 9: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

According to the authors of your text, women in leadership positions are in a double bind: If they conform to social expectations about how to behave and are warm and communal, they may be seen as having low leadership potential; then, when they are given the opportunity to lead and they __________, they are perceived negatively.

Decision-making groups are MOST likely to share unique information when __________.

According to a social comparison interpretation, group polarization tends to occur because individuals can present themselves in a more __________ light by taking slightly more __________ positions than the norm of the group.

Complete the analogy. Social facilitation is to __________ as social loafing is to __________.

Social loafing is likely to impair performance __________ and to enhance performance __________.

Recall that Simonton (1987, 2001) examined the relationship between 100 personal attributes of the U.S. presidents and their effectiveness in office as rated by historians. The characteristics that were most correlated with presidential effectiveness were __________).

Dozens of social-psychological experiments on the topic of social facilitation have employed people and a variety of animals and insects. One consistent finding has emerged from these many studies:

When the committee discussion begins, three people are strongly in favor of hiring Band A to play at the fall dance and three people are somewhat in favor of hiring Band A. Two people are somewhat in favor of hiring Band B. If group polarization is at work, what is the most likely decision of the group after an hour of discussion?

Consider the following destructive acts: soccer fans bludgeoning one another, young people throwing rocks at police officers, and Klansmen lynching African Americans. All of these are examples of the dangerous effects of __________.

What are the two reasons why deindividuation leads to more deviant behavior?

Adam is part of a group organized to increase blood donations in a local community. As a social psychologist, Adam has a relevant background in persuasion tactics, but his group members fail to realize the important contributions he could make. This scenario is an example of __________.

Which of the following explanations for social facilitation applies to humans but NOT to cockroaches? Humans are __________.

Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi led large groups of people in protests against injustice. According to information in your text about the process of deindividuation, why is it that these groups did not behave violently?

Adele has never driven a car with a manual transmission before-that is, she's never had to decide when to shift gears, push in the clutch, or stop suddenly when the car is in gear. She's just bought a car with manual transmission, and wants to practice driving it before she takes it onto the highway. What should she do?

Which of the following examples BEST expresses interdependence?

You have been asked to organize a problem-solving meeting. Based on what you learned in social psychology, which of the following is NOT a good way to make sure unique information gets shared at the meeting?

In a study conducted by Zajonc and his colleagues (1969), they examined the question of whether organisms perform better in the presence of others or alone, using __________ as participants.

When is high cohesiveness likely to be a problem for a group?

Which of the following individuals is most likely to engage in social loafing?

Group discussion often pushes people's initial individual decisions to the extreme, yielding group polarization. According to the persuasive arguments interpretation, this is because __________.