Exam 1: The Beginning: The Science of Human Development

Yusef learned that emotions affect performance.From this,he developed the idea that students who are sad when they take a test will perform poorly,whereas those who are happy will perform better.In this example,Yusef made a specific prediction that can be tested.This is known as a(n)"_____."

Learning theorists believe that psychologists should focus on:

Two people from different cultures may value the need for achievement or success differently because of the _____ of each culture.

Which example BEST illustrates a sensitive period?

In the case study of David,he was exposed to _____ during his mother's pregnancy.

Li,age 11,is a recent Chinese immigrant.Li's new teacher has noticed that he rarely talks,does not make eye contact,and seems very shy.When the teacher speaks to Li's parents,they are surprised,as these characteristics are valued in Li's culture.The perception of Li's behavior reflects the concept of a(n):

Friends Jill and Susan both experienced poverty as children.In addition,they were raised by single parents and attended poor-performing schools.By late adolescence,Jill had dropped out of school and had two children.Susan,in contrast,was academically ranked number one in her graduating class and had a full academic scholarship to Harvard.This example illustrates the concept of "differential sensitivity."

The foundation of psychoanalytic theory is:

According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach,the historical context that affects other systems is called the:

A developmental perspective requires consideration of:

James told his friend that he is tall because he inherited "tall" genes from his dad.James was claiming that _____,but not _____,was responsible for his height.

Evolutionary theory is based on the idea that thoughts and expectations affect actions.

Vygotsky believed that _____ was a universal process used by mentors to teach cultural knowledge,skills,and habits.

According to Piaget,humans seek cognitive _____,or a state of mental balance.

Which psychoanalytic theorist identified unique stages of development from birth through late adulthood?

In classical conditioning,a meaningful stimulus becomes linked to a neutral stimulus.

A hypothesis is a(n):

In the first half of the twentieth century,which two opposing theories dominated the discipline of psychology?

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development,_____ is when old ideas are restructured to include new experiences.

According to the text,race is: