Exam 1: The Beginning: The Science of Human Development

In Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach,the _____ refers to the interactions among systems.

_____ has/have shown the effect that immediate response,associations,and examples have on learning,moment by moment and over time.

_____ are essential ethical safeguards.

An independent variable is:

The socioeconomic status of an individual includes,among other things,the person's:

Socioeconomic status refers to an individual's:

If a researcher finds that there is a correlation between secondhand smoke and children's asthma,he knows for SURE that:

_____ is the psychoanalytic theorist who described eight developmental stages,each characterized by a particular challenge or developmental crisis.

High school classmates are part of the same:

To determine how children throughout the world compare in certain academic subjects,such as math and science,researchers rely on achievement test scores.This is an example of _____ research.

Most of our development occurs during critical periods.

In an experiment,the group of participants who receive the imposed treatment or special condition is referred to as the _____ group.

As children age,they tend to sleep fewer hours.This relationship is an example of a(n)_____ correlation.

Although many of the theorists who follow Freud's psychoanalytic theory have modified and expanded his ideas,they agree on the importance of:

A research question becomes a hypothesis when it is stated as a prediction that can be examined.

_____ was the behavioral theorist who first described the process of conditioning.

In scientific research,collecting additional evidence by studying different participants than used in the original study is known as "_____."

A person's income and level of education is part of his or her _____.

Observational learning is also called:

Since starting school,Stan had struggled with math.His teacher offered to help him with math after school.Now Stan does well on his math assignments.This example illustrates how nurture can influence development.