Exam 1: The Beginning: The Science of Human Development

The final step in the scientific method involves:

Empirical evidence refers to "_____."

A systematic statement of principles and generalizations that provides a framework for understanding how and why people change over time is called a:

_____ studies the many ways in which the environment alters gene expression.

In an experiment,the group receiving the special treatment is referred to as the "comparison group."

Most developmental psychologists believe that development is the result of:

Unlike Freud,Erikson:

Piaget's first stage of cognitive development is the preoperational stage.

According to the ecological-systems approach,_____,such as cultural values,economic policies,and political processes,are part of the larger social setting.

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development,_____ is when new experiences are reinterpreted to fit into old ideas.

_____ refers to the traits,capacities,and limitations that each individual inherits genetically from his or her parents at the moment of conception.

Approaches to toilet training have changed over time.At one point,it was suggested to parents to postpone toilet training until the child was at least a year old to avoid serious personality problems later on.This view is MOST consistent with:

According to Piaget,when new experiences are interpreted to fit into old ideas,it is called:

Replication involves:

In an experiment,the researcher manipulates the _____ variable.

A system of shared beliefs,conventions,norms,behaviors,expectations,and symbolic representations that persist over time and prescribe social rules of conduct is the definition of:

Ethnicity is the product of _____,not biology.

In longitudinal research,the same participants are measured at multiple assessment points over a period of time.

According to evolutionary theory,every species has two long-standing,biologically-based drives:

The foundation of psychoanalytic theory is inner drives and motives,and _____ needs.