Exam 1: The Beginning: The Science of Human Development

_____ refers to all the environmental influences that affect development after conception.

Aviyah is helping her mom make a cake.Her mom helps her pick out the right ingredients,measure them,and mix them together.According to Vygotsky,Aviyah is engaging in:

Socioeconomic status is also called "social class."

Professor Thomas designed and conducted an experiment to determine whether a particular drug would help patients with bipolar disorder.By designing and conducting this experiment,he was able to:

Erikson's first _____ stages are closely related to Freud's stages.

Cognitive theory utilizes modeling.

Guided participation was theorized by Vygotsky as a means of mentors teaching all of the following EXCEPT _____ to their mentees.

_____ research involves studying the same individuals over time,as their development is repeatedly assessed.

After visiting the doctor's office several times and receiving a shot each time,Abigail now tenses and cries when her mother pulls into the doctor's parking lot.Abigail's response is an example of _____ conditioning.

A developmental theory is a systematic statement of general principles that provides a framework for understanding how and why people change as they grow older.

Keta believes that breast-feeding is a personal choice.That is,the woman should be able to choose whether she breast-feeds her infant.Keta's belief is consistent with the _____ perspective.

Debbie was born during the Great Depression.Within the context of the ecological-systems approach,Debbie's experience of growing up during this time period falls within the:

Racial _____,but not experiences with discrimination,predicts more positive attitudes about other racial groups.

Scientific observation allows for the:

With regard to cognitive development,Piaget argued that _____ is more revealing than:

Dr.Kox conducts a study in which he finds that smoking is related to an increased risk of high blood pressure.He publishes his results.Then Dr.Meco conducts the same study using different participants in another city.Dr.Meco's work is an example of:

Between 1957 and 1961,many pregnant women took thalidomide to alleviate morning sickness;this drug disrupted a(n)_____ period of prenatal development.

The influence of nurture begins at conception.

The MOST important requirement for all scientists,particularly those studying human development,is to:

The type of conditioning that Skinner identified is referred to as "_____ conditioning."