Question 1

Describe the function of N-formylmethionine in prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

N-formylmethionine is a modifi

Question 2

It has been recently determined that the gene for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is more than 2000 kb (kilobases) in length; however, the mRNA produced by this gene is only about 14 kb long. What is a likely cause of this discrepancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The exons have been spliced out during mRNA processing. 
B)  The DNA represents a double-stranded structure, whereas the RNA is single-stranded. 
C)  There are more amino acids coded for by the DNA than by the mRNA. 
D)  The introns have been spliced out during mRNA processing. 
E)  When the mRNA is produced, it is highly folded and therefore less long. 
A)  The exons have been spliced out during mRNA processing. 
B)  The DNA represents a double-stranded structure, whereas the RNA is single-stranded. 
C)  There are more amino acids coded for by the DNA than by the mRNA. 
D)  The introns have been spliced out during mRNA processing. 
E)  When the mRNA is produced, it is highly folded and therefore less long.

Question 3

Referring to the genetic code, what is meant by "wobble"?

Accepted Answer

relaxed pairing spec

Question 4

Which of the following two terms relate most closely to split genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  5′-cap, 3′-poly-A tail 
B)  introns, exons 
C)  elongation, termination 
D)  transcription, translation 
E)  heteroduplex, homoduplex 
A)  5′-cap, 3′-poly-A tail 
B)  introns, exons 
C)  elongation, termination 
D)  transcription, translation 
E)  heteroduplex, homoduplex

Question 5

If one compares the base sequences of related genes from different species, one is likely to find that corresponding ________ are usually conserved, but the sequences of ________ are much less well conserved.

Accepted Answer

A)  exons; introns 
B)  introns; exons 
C)  introns; chaperons 
D)  chaperons; exons 
E)  introns; proteins 
A)  exons; introns 
B)  introns; exons 
C)  introns; chaperons 
D)  chaperons; exons 
E)  introns; proteins

Question 6

An intron is a section of an RNA that gets spliced out.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What is one particular function that the codons (UAA, UGA, or UAG) serve during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  UAA, UGA, and UAG are initiator codons, not termination codons. 
B)  They allow the mRNA to assume a variety of linear conformations. 
C)  These triplets cause frameshift mutations, but are not involved in termination. 
D)  They provide a substrate for the addition of the initiator amino acid. 
E)  They act in chain termination. 
A)  UAA, UGA, and UAG are initiator codons, not termination codons. 
B)  They allow the mRNA to assume a variety of linear conformations. 
C)  These triplets cause frameshift mutations, but are not involved in termination. 
D)  They provide a substrate for the addition of the initiator amino acid. 
E)  They act in chain termination.

Question 8

The relationship between codon and anticodon can be characterized as involving ________.

Accepted Answer

hydrogen bonds betwe

Question 9

A base at the first position of an anticodon on the tRNA would pair with a base at the ________ position of the mRNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A base at the first position of...

Question 10

Describe the direction of information flow in living systems. Use appropriate, scientific terms in your description.

Accepted Answer

DNA is replicated and passed to offsprin

Question 11

The genetic code is said to be triplet, meaning that there ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are three amino acids per base in mRNA 
B)  are three bases in mRNA that code for an amino acid 
C)  may be three ways in which an amino acid may terminate a chain 
D)  are three "nonsense" triplets 
E)  none of the above 
A)  are three amino acids per base in mRNA 
B)  are three bases in mRNA that code for an amino acid 
C)  may be three ways in which an amino acid may terminate a chain 
D)  are three "nonsense" triplets 
E)  none of the above

Question 12

What two experimental procedures allowed deciphering of the ordered triplet assignments of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

the triplet binding

Question 13

Suppose that in the use of polynucleotide phosphorylase, nucleotides A and C are added in a ratio of 1A:5C. What is the probability that an AAA sequence will occur?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose that in the use of polynucleotide...

Question 14

Regarding the efficient initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, which specific "upstream" signals appear to be involved?

Accepted Answer

TATA and C

Question 15

Messenger RNA is usually polycistronic in eukaryotes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In which cellular organelle do the three posttranscriptional modifications often seen in the maturation of mRNA in eukaryotes occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  lysosome 
E)  Golgi 
A)  nucleus 
B)  cytoplasm 
C)  mitochondrion 
D)  lysosome 
E)  Golgi

Question 17

The genetic code is fairly consistent among all organisms. The term often used to describe such consistency in the code is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  universal 
B)  exceptional 
C)  trans-specific 
D)  overlapping 
E)  none of the above 
A)  universal 
B)  exceptional 
C)  trans-specific 
D)  overlapping 
E)  none of the above

Question 18

Describe how the sigma subunit (factor) of E. coli RNA polymerase participates in transcription.

Accepted Answer

The sigma subunit may give spe

Question 19

Describe a difference between the RNA polymerases of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

Accepted Answer

In eukaryotes, three polymeras

Question 20

The finding that virtually all organisms use the same genetic code provides the basis for declaring that the code is universal. Name at least two exceptions to such universality.

Accepted Answer

mitochondrial DNA, M

Exam 13: The Genetic Code and Transcription

Describe the function of N-formylmethionine in prokaryotes.

It has been recently determined that the gene for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is more than 2000 kb (kilobases) in length; however, the mRNA produced by this gene is only about 14 kb long. What is a likely cause of this discrepancy?

Referring to the genetic code, what is meant by "wobble"?

Which of the following two terms relate most closely to split genes?

If one compares the base sequences of related genes from different species, one is likely to find that corresponding ________ are usually conserved, but the sequences of ________ are much less well conserved.

An intron is a section of an RNA that gets spliced out.

What is one particular function that the codons (UAA, UGA, or UAG) serve during protein synthesis?

The relationship between codon and anticodon can be characterized as involving ________.

A base at the first position of an anticodon on the tRNA would pair with a base at the ________ position of the mRNA.

Describe the direction of information flow in living systems. Use appropriate, scientific terms in your description.

The genetic code is said to be triplet, meaning that there ________.

What two experimental procedures allowed deciphering of the ordered triplet assignments of the genetic code?

Suppose that in the use of polynucleotide phosphorylase, nucleotides A and C are added in a ratio of 1A:5C. What is the probability that an AAA sequence will occur?

Regarding the efficient initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II, which specific "upstream" signals appear to be involved?

Messenger RNA is usually polycistronic in eukaryotes.

In which cellular organelle do the three posttranscriptional modifications often seen in the maturation of mRNA in eukaryotes occur?

The genetic code is fairly consistent among all organisms. The term often used to describe such consistency in the code is ________.

Describe how the sigma subunit (factor) of E. coli RNA polymerase participates in transcription.

Describe a difference between the RNA polymerases of eukaryotes and prokaryotes.

The finding that virtually all organisms use the same genetic code provides the basis for declaring that the code is universal. Name at least two exceptions to such universality.

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Extensions of Mendelian Genetics

Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Extranuclear Inheritance

DNA Structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

DNA Organization in Chromosomes

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Developmental Genetics

Cancer and Regulation of the Cell Cycle

Recombinant Dna Technology

Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Proteomics

Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Neurogenetics

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

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If one compares the base sequences of related genes from different species, one is likely to find that corresponding are usually conserved, but the sequences of are much less well conserved.