Exam 13: Theories and Effects of Mass Communication

People frequently use symbolic interaction theory when they are studying advertising's influence because advertisers often succeed by employing _____________,or encouraging the audience to perceive their products as symbols that have meaning beyond their actual function.

Mass communication _____________ are explanations and predictions of social phenomena that attempt to relate mass communication to various aspects of our personal and cultural lives or social systems.

In two-step flow theory,the power of media to change attitudes and behaviors is thought to be enhanced through the intervention of opinion leaders.

Because the environments in which they are created change constantly,mass communication theories are said to be

Mass society theory is an example of a middle-range theory.

Cultural theorists believe in powerful media influence.Do you agree or disagree with them? Defend your answer.

The daily time and cost demands of U.S.journalism result in newspapers and broadcasts composed of a large number of brief,capsulated stories with little room for perspective and context,resulting in _____________ news.

_____________ theory argues that media don't do things to people;rather,people do things with media.In other words,media's influence is limited to what people allow it to be.

_____________ theory argues that media do not tell us what to think,but what to think about.

In limited effects theory,the influence of media is thought to be limited by people's religious and political affiliations,in other words by their

The view of mass media as central to the maintenance of society over time and the representation of shared beliefs is the _____________ perspective.

Define the symbols,signs,and typification schemes of social construction of reality theory.

Because mass communication theories are created by people,and are therefore influenced by human biases,the times in which we live,the position we occupy in the mass communication process,and a host of other factors,we can say that these theories are

What is meant by dissonance in dissonance theory?

_____________ theory is the idea that people learn through observation to model the behaviors they see.

In social construction of reality theory,_____________ are collections of meanings assigned to some phenomenon or situation.

_____________ theory argues that people who share a culture also share an ongoing correspondence of meaning.

The idea that mass communication ordinarily does not serve as a necessary and sufficient cause of audience effects,but rather functions among and through a nexus (web)of mediating factors and influences,is the basis of Joseph Klapper's _____________ theory.

The underlying assumption of _____________ theory is that our experience of reality is an ongoing,social construction,not something that is only sent,delivered,or otherwise transmitted to a docile public.

Questions about media's impact on issues,such as what kind of nation we are building or what kind of people we are becoming,are characteristic of