Question 1

If you examine the phylogeny of animals, you would see that

Accepted Answer

A)  eyes are not present in the common ancestor of all animals. 
B)  sponges and placozoans have no eyes. 
C)  eyes are found only within the eumetazoans. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  eyes are not present in the common ancestor of all animals. 
B)  sponges and placozoans have no eyes. 
C)  eyes are found only within the eumetazoans. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 2

Which of the following is an incorrect match between animal and eye type?

Accepted Answer

A)  flatworms-light-sensitive spots 
B)  insects-compound eye 
C)  scallops-light-sensitive spots 
D)  cephalopods-camera eye 
A)  flatworms-light-sensitive spots 
B)  insects-compound eye 
C)  scallops-light-sensitive spots 
D)  cephalopods-camera eye

Question 3

Is the following statement true or false, and why? New adaptations do not evolve from scratch.

Accepted Answer

A)  False; traits can always arise de novo. 
B)  False; some traits evolve from scratch, and some are modifications of previously existing traits. 
C)  True; new adaptations are modifications of previously existing traits. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  False; traits can always arise de novo. 
B)  False; some traits evolve from scratch, and some are modifications of previously existing traits. 
C)  True; new adaptations are modifications of previously existing traits. 
D)  none of the above

Question 4

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding antagonistic pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A)  The net fitness effect of an allele experiencing antagonistic pleiotropy may depend on the environment. 
B)  Alleles experiencing antagonistic pleiotropy should always be strongly selected against. 
C)  Antagonistic pleiotropy results when a trait is influenced by more than one gene. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  The net fitness effect of an allele experiencing antagonistic pleiotropy may depend on the environment. 
B)  Alleles experiencing antagonistic pleiotropy should always be strongly selected against. 
C)  Antagonistic pleiotropy results when a trait is influenced by more than one gene. 
D)  none of the above

Question 5

Compare and contrast the formation of the gut in vertebrates and invertebrates.

Accepted Answer

The formation of the gut in vertebrates

Question 6

Some evolutionary biologists argue that changes in the regulation of genes rather than changes in the coding sequence are more likely to be involved in adaptation. Which of the following statements forms part of the basis for this argument?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coding sequence changes are constrained because most genes perform multiple functions. 
B)  Regulatory mutations are more likely to occur than coding sequence mutations. 
C)  Regulatory changes likely affect all processes that a gene is involved in. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Coding sequence changes are constrained because most genes perform multiple functions. 
B)  Regulatory mutations are more likely to occur than coding sequence mutations. 
C)  Regulatory changes likely affect all processes that a gene is involved in. 
D)  all of the above

Question 7

Please describe why some evolutionary biologists argue that cis-regulatory elements are particularly likely to be involved in morphological adaptation.

Accepted Answer

Cis-regulatory elements are segments of

Question 8

Which of the following is not an example of convergent evolution on similar body plans?

Accepted Answer

A)  placental mole and marsupial mole 
B)  bird wing and butterfly wing 
C)  anteater and numbat 
D)  bat forelimb structure and bird forelimb structure 
A)  placental mole and marsupial mole 
B)  bird wing and butterfly wing 
C)  anteater and numbat 
D)  bat forelimb structure and bird forelimb structure

Question 9

Which statement is true regarding the evolution of crystallins?

Accepted Answer

A)  They evolved through gene recruitment. 
B)  They evolved from promiscuous proteins. 
C)  They evolved from gene duplication. 
D)  a and c 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  They evolved through gene recruitment. 
B)  They evolved from promiscuous proteins. 
C)  They evolved from gene duplication. 
D)  a and c 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 10

Describe the evolution of the snake venom crotamine in the context of gene duplication and recruitment.

Accepted Answer

The evolution of the snake venom crotami

Question 11

The field of evo-devo proposes that many major morphological changes result from changes in gene __________ of regulatory genes. The premise for this argument is that these changes _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  expression; will change the outcome of interactions with all genes that regulatory genes interact with 
B)  protein-coding sequence; will change the outcome of interactions with all genes that regulatory genes interact with 
C)  expression; can be compartmentalized and need not interfere with the outcome of all interactions 
D)  protein-coding sequence; can be compartmentalized and need not interfere with the outcome of all interactions 
A)  expression; will change the outcome of interactions with all genes that regulatory genes interact with 
B)  protein-coding sequence; will change the outcome of interactions with all genes that regulatory genes interact with 
C)  expression; can be compartmentalized and need not interfere with the outcome of all interactions 
D)  protein-coding sequence; can be compartmentalized and need not interfere with the outcome of all interactions

Question 12

What evidence suggests that c-opsins were present in the common ancestor of all living vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  All vertebrates carry c-opsin. 
B)  C-opsins have the same basic molecular shape in all vertebrates. 
C)  C-opsins have the same basic functional pathway in all vertebrates. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  All vertebrates carry c-opsin. 
B)  C-opsins have the same basic molecular shape in all vertebrates. 
C)  C-opsins have the same basic functional pathway in all vertebrates. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 13

Why might Darwin disagree that bat wings and fly legs represent a homology?

Accepted Answer

A)  because of the lack of genetic knowledge during his time 
B)  because flies are not vertebrates 
C)  because he could only recognize homology in the anatomy that he could see with the naked eye 
D)  all of the above 
A)  because of the lack of genetic knowledge during his time 
B)  because flies are not vertebrates 
C)  because he could only recognize homology in the anatomy that he could see with the naked eye 
D)  all of the above

Question 14

Please describe Lamb et al.'s hypothesis for the evolution of the vertebrate eye.

Accepted Answer

Lamb et al. proposed the hypothesis that

Question 15

Snakes evolved about ____ million years ago, and their closest living relatives include ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  60; iguanas and monitor lizards 
B)  0.1; iguanas and whiptail lizards 
C)  150; iguanas and monitor lizards 
D)  300; iguanas and crocodiles 
A)  60; iguanas and monitor lizards 
B)  0.1; iguanas and whiptail lizards 
C)  150; iguanas and monitor lizards 
D)  300; iguanas and crocodiles

Question 16

Why are microbes ideal model organisms for evolutionary studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  diversity 
B)  rapid reproduction 
C)  slow mutation rate 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  diversity 
B)  rapid reproduction 
C)  slow mutation rate 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 17

Many years in the future, humans have altered the environment on the Galápagos Islands so much that the only plants left produce very large seeds. As a result, many small-beaked species of Darwin's finches are not able to eat the seeds, and they are in danger of going extinct. You are tasked with trying to save these species through genetic engineering of larger beak size. How would you do it?

Accepted Answer

To save the small-beaked species of Darw

Question 18

The detoured nerve in giraffes results from

Accepted Answer

A)  the imperfection in complex adaptations. 
B)  the nerves in aquatic vertebrate ancestors. 
C)  natural selection retooling the form and function of characters present in a population. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  the imperfection in complex adaptations. 
B)  the nerves in aquatic vertebrate ancestors. 
C)  natural selection retooling the form and function of characters present in a population. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 19

Some evolutionary biologists argue that, overall, regulatory mutations are more likely to result in adaptation than changes in the protein-coding sequence of genes. Considering the logic underlying their argument, in which case below would this expectation not apply to a particular gene involved in adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The gene is involved in multiple functions. 
B)  The gene is involved in only one function. 
C)  The gene is expressed in different tissues. 
D)  The protein encoded by the gene performs an important function. 
A)  The gene is involved in multiple functions. 
B)  The gene is involved in only one function. 
C)  The gene is expressed in different tissues. 
D)  The protein encoded by the gene performs an important function.

Question 20

Which of the following statements about venom evolution is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The earliest venoms evolved after fangs and other parts of the venom delivery system. 
B)  The earliest venoms evolved before fangs and other parts of the venom delivery system. 
C)  All reptiles produce venom even if they do not have fangs or other components of the venom delivery system. 
D)  b and c 
A)  The earliest venoms evolved after fangs and other parts of the venom delivery system. 
B)  The earliest venoms evolved before fangs and other parts of the venom delivery system. 
C)  All reptiles produce venom even if they do not have fangs or other components of the venom delivery system. 
D)  b and c

If you examine the phylogeny of animals, you would see that

Which of the following is an incorrect match between animal and eye type?

Is the following statement true or false, and why? New adaptations do not evolve from scratch.

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding antagonistic pleiotropy?

Compare and contrast the formation of the gut in vertebrates and invertebrates.

Some evolutionary biologists argue that changes in the regulation of genes rather than changes in the coding sequence are more likely to be involved in adaptation. Which of the following statements forms part of the basis for this argument?

Please describe why some evolutionary biologists argue that cis-regulatory elements are particularly likely to be involved in morphological adaptation.

Which of the following is not an example of convergent evolution on similar body plans?

Which statement is true regarding the evolution of crystallins?

Describe the evolution of the snake venom crotamine in the context of gene duplication and recruitment.

The field of evo-devo proposes that many major morphological changes result from changes in gene ____ of regulatory genes. The premise for this argument is that these changes _.

What evidence suggests that c-opsins were present in the common ancestor of all living vertebrates?

Why might Darwin disagree that bat wings and fly legs represent a homology?

Please describe Lamb et al.'s hypothesis for the evolution of the vertebrate eye.

Snakes evolved about million years ago, and their closest living relatives include .

Why are microbes ideal model organisms for evolutionary studies?

The detoured nerve in giraffes results from

Which of the following statements about venom evolution is accurate?

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Sex: Causes and Consequences

After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

The Origin of Species

Macroevolution: the Long Run

Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Brains and Behavior

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Evolutionary Medicine

Filters

Exam 9: From Genes to Traits: the Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development

If you examine the phylogeny of animals, you would see that

Which of the following is an incorrect match between animal and eye type?

Is the following statement true or false, and why? New adaptations do not evolve from scratch.

Which of the following statements is accurate regarding antagonistic pleiotropy?

Compare and contrast the formation of the gut in vertebrates and invertebrates.

Some evolutionary biologists argue that changes in the regulation of genes rather than changes in the coding sequence are more likely to be involved in adaptation. Which of the following statements forms part of the basis for this argument?

Please describe why some evolutionary biologists argue that cis-regulatory elements are particularly likely to be involved in morphological adaptation.

Which of the following is not an example of convergent evolution on similar body plans?

Which statement is true regarding the evolution of crystallins?

Describe the evolution of the snake venom crotamine in the context of gene duplication and recruitment.

The field of evo-devo proposes that many major morphological changes result from changes in gene __________ of regulatory genes. The premise for this argument is that these changes _______.

What evidence suggests that c-opsins were present in the common ancestor of all living vertebrates?

Why might Darwin disagree that bat wings and fly legs represent a homology?

Please describe Lamb et al.'s hypothesis for the evolution of the vertebrate eye.

Snakes evolved about ____ million years ago, and their closest living relatives include ____.

Why are microbes ideal model organisms for evolutionary studies?

The detoured nerve in giraffes results from

Which of the following statements about venom evolution is accurate?

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Sex: Causes and Consequences

After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

The Origin of Species

Macroevolution: the Long Run

Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Brains and Behavior

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Evolutionary Medicine

Filters

The field of evo-devo proposes that many major morphological changes result from changes in gene ____ of regulatory genes. The premise for this argument is that these changes _.

Snakes evolved about million years ago, and their closest living relatives include .