Question 1

How does bat wing development differ from other tetrapod limbs?

Accepted Answer

A)  The humerus forms first, followed by more distal structures. 
B)  The digits form first, followed by more proximal structures. 
C)  Increased expression of Bmp2 drives more cell division in developing digits. 
D)  Bat wing development does not differ from other tetrapod limbs; there is simple a gene that codes for longer digits. 
A)  The humerus forms first, followed by more distal structures. 
B)  The digits form first, followed by more proximal structures. 
C)  Increased expression of Bmp2 drives more cell division in developing digits. 
D)  Bat wing development does not differ from other tetrapod limbs; there is simple a gene that codes for longer digits.

Question 2

Two genes that are paralogs

Accepted Answer

A)  arose from gene duplication. 
B)  are found in the same genome. 
C)  may perform the same or different functions. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above 
A)  arose from gene duplication. 
B)  are found in the same genome. 
C)  may perform the same or different functions. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 3

Placental mammals differ from marsupial mammals in that

Accepted Answer

A)  they carry a developing fetus in a uterus. 
B)  they give birth to live young. 
C)  they lay eggs. 
D)  a and b 
A)  they carry a developing fetus in a uterus. 
B)  they give birth to live young. 
C)  they lay eggs. 
D)  a and b

Question 4

In Näsvall's experiments, the purpose of the mutation to the HisA enzyme in Salmonella was to

Accepted Answer

A)  create a promiscuous enzyme that could only synthesize histidine. 
B)  create a promiscuous enzyme with the ability to synthesize histidine and tryptophan. 
C)  create a paralog of a promiscuous enzyme. 
D)  simulate a gene duplication event. 
A)  create a promiscuous enzyme that could only synthesize histidine. 
B)  create a promiscuous enzyme with the ability to synthesize histidine and tryptophan. 
C)  create a paralog of a promiscuous enzyme. 
D)  simulate a gene duplication event.

Question 5

How does the development of a mouse leg differ from the development of a fly leg?

Accepted Answer

A)  In a mouse leg, the proximal structures develop first. 
B)  In a mouse leg, the gene Hh controls development. 
C)  In a fly leg, the proximal segments develop first. 
D)  In a fly leg, the gene Shh controls development. 
A)  In a mouse leg, the proximal structures develop first. 
B)  In a mouse leg, the gene Hh controls development. 
C)  In a fly leg, the proximal segments develop first. 
D)  In a fly leg, the gene Shh controls development.

Question 6

Is the fly eye homologous to the mouse eye, or is it convergent?

Accepted Answer

A)  homologous because of developmental genes that regulate the complex eye are 
B)  convergent because the fly eye is a compound eye and the mouse eye is a camera eye 
C)  both, depending on the level of development examined 
D)  neither; the two types of eyes cannot be compared 
A)  homologous because of developmental genes that regulate the complex eye are 
B)  convergent because the fly eye is a compound eye and the mouse eye is a camera eye 
C)  both, depending on the level of development examined 
D)  neither; the two types of eyes cannot be compared

Question 7

How might complex adaptions evolve in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viruses can move genes from one individual to another. 
B)  Bacteria can exchange plasmid genes via sex pili. 
C)  Bacteria can take up exogenous DNA from their environment. 
D)  b and c 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  Viruses can move genes from one individual to another. 
B)  Bacteria can exchange plasmid genes via sex pili. 
C)  Bacteria can take up exogenous DNA from their environment. 
D)  b and c 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 8

Olfactory receptor evolution provides an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  gene duplication; the 855 genes for olfactory receptors belong to the same "gene family." 
B)  gene recruitment; once duplicated, the genes for olfactory receptors likely diverged, taking on new functions. 
C)  promiscuous proteins; the genes duplicated after new functions arose. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  gene duplication; the 855 genes for olfactory receptors belong to the same "gene family." 
B)  gene recruitment; once duplicated, the genes for olfactory receptors likely diverged, taking on new functions. 
C)  promiscuous proteins; the genes duplicated after new functions arose. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 9

Almost all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae. There is a fitness disadvantage to mammals that have a different number of cervical vertebrae; for example, in humans, fetuses with an abnormal number of cervical vertebrae are often stillborn, and such children are more prone to pediatric cancers. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  convergent evolution. 
B)  phenotypic plasticity. 
C)  constraining evolution. 
D)  pleiotropy 
A)  convergent evolution. 
B)  phenotypic plasticity. 
C)  constraining evolution. 
D)  pleiotropy

Question 10

Which of the following statements accurately describes Hox genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They code for traits such as legs or wings in the developing embryo. 
B)  Their expression gives positional information to other genes. 
C)  They are transcription factors. 
D)  a and b 
E)  b and c 
A)  They code for traits such as legs or wings in the developing embryo. 
B)  Their expression gives positional information to other genes. 
C)  They are transcription factors. 
D)  a and b 
E)  b and c

Question 11

Male pipefish have a brood pouch in which they carry and protect developing embryos. The gene patristacin plays a major role in the formation and function of the pouch. An evolutionary analysis revealed that patristacin is involved in liver and kidney function in all other fish (other male fish do not produce a brood pouch). This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  gene recruitment. 
B)  irreducible complexity. 
C)  gene duplication. 
D)  antagonistic pleiotropy. 
A)  gene recruitment. 
B)  irreducible complexity. 
C)  gene duplication. 
D)  antagonistic pleiotropy.

Question 12

Which is true regarding the homologous Hox genes for dorsal-ventral patterning in mice and flies?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bmp4 is homologous to Dpp, and both play a role in location of gut formation. 
B)  Chordin is homologous to Bmp4, and both play a role in the location of nervous system formation. 
C)  Bmp4 is homologous to Dpp, and both play a role in the location of nervous system formation. 
D)  Sog is homologous to Chordin, and both play a role in location of gut formation. 
A)  Bmp4 is homologous to Dpp, and both play a role in location of gut formation. 
B)  Chordin is homologous to Bmp4, and both play a role in the location of nervous system formation. 
C)  Bmp4 is homologous to Dpp, and both play a role in the location of nervous system formation. 
D)  Sog is homologous to Chordin, and both play a role in location of gut formation.

Question 13

Which of the following represent(s) homologies?

Accepted Answer

A)  the forelimb structure of vertebrate wings, hands, and flippers 
B)  the limb structure of bilaterians 
C)  Hox genes in mice and flies 
D)  a and b 
E)  a and c 
A)  the forelimb structure of vertebrate wings, hands, and flippers 
B)  the limb structure of bilaterians 
C)  Hox genes in mice and flies 
D)  a and b 
E)  a and c

Question 14

Which of the following is true of the complex eye?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an example of convergent evolution because of the borrowed crystallin genes that evolved independently. 
B)  It is an example of common ancestry because the development of all complex eyes in bilaterians is controlled by the same gene, Pax-6. 
C)  It is an example of deep homology because its growth and development in different lineages result from underlying genetic mechanisms that are inherited from a common ancestor. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  It is an example of convergent evolution because of the borrowed crystallin genes that evolved independently. 
B)  It is an example of common ancestry because the development of all complex eyes in bilaterians is controlled by the same gene, Pax-6. 
C)  It is an example of deep homology because its growth and development in different lineages result from underlying genetic mechanisms that are inherited from a common ancestor. 
D)  a and b 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 15

Provide at least three examples of complex adaptions that are far from perfect, but still provide fitness advantages.

Accepted Answer

1. The human eye is often cited as an ex

Question 16

Why are there no gigantic insects alive today?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no niche for gigantic insects. 
B)  There are gigantic insects in remote regions of the tropics; we just have not discovered them. 
C)  The concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere is too low to make gigantic body size in insects efficient. 
D)  There is no evidence of gigantic insects in the past, so there can not be any alive today due to constraining evolution. 
A)  There is no niche for gigantic insects. 
B)  There are gigantic insects in remote regions of the tropics; we just have not discovered them. 
C)  The concentration of oxygen in the atmosphere is too low to make gigantic body size in insects efficient. 
D)  There is no evidence of gigantic insects in the past, so there can not be any alive today due to constraining evolution.

Question 17

How are tetrapod limbs and fish fins developmentally similar?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both start out as buds bulging from body wall. 
B)  Hox genes are used to produce both phenotypes. 
C)  Both grow from ectodermal tissue when Hox gene expression ceases. 
D)  a and b 
E)  b and c 
A)  Both start out as buds bulging from body wall. 
B)  Hox genes are used to produce both phenotypes. 
C)  Both grow from ectodermal tissue when Hox gene expression ceases. 
D)  a and b 
E)  b and c

Question 18

The Engrailed (En) gene is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  paralog; it is crucial for defining the posterior portion of the limb bud in mice and for defining the leg disc in flies. 
B)  ortholog; it is crucial for defining the posterior portion of the limb bud in mice and for defining the leg disc in flies. 
C)  paralog; it is a homologous gene produced by gene duplication within the fly limb development pathway. 
D)  ortholog; it is a homologous gene produced by gene duplication within the fly limb development pathway. 
A)  paralog; it is crucial for defining the posterior portion of the limb bud in mice and for defining the leg disc in flies. 
B)  ortholog; it is crucial for defining the posterior portion of the limb bud in mice and for defining the leg disc in flies. 
C)  paralog; it is a homologous gene produced by gene duplication within the fly limb development pathway. 
D)  ortholog; it is a homologous gene produced by gene duplication within the fly limb development pathway.

Question 19

Please describe at least two different ways that a patterning network can be perturbed to create an altered phenotype.

Accepted Answer

One way to perturb a patterning network

Question 20

The gene for snake venom crotamine is most closely related to

Accepted Answer

A)  other snake venom genes. 
B)  defensin genes, which are used to fight infections. 
C)  cobra venom factor gene. 
D)  The evolutionary history for crotamine is not known. 
A)  other snake venom genes. 
B)  defensin genes, which are used to fight infections. 
C)  cobra venom factor gene. 
D)  The evolutionary history for crotamine is not known.

How does bat wing development differ from other tetrapod limbs?

Two genes that are paralogs

Placental mammals differ from marsupial mammals in that

In Näsvall's experiments, the purpose of the mutation to the HisA enzyme in Salmonella was to

How does the development of a mouse leg differ from the development of a fly leg?

Is the fly eye homologous to the mouse eye, or is it convergent?

How might complex adaptions evolve in bacteria?

Olfactory receptor evolution provides an example of

Which of the following statements accurately describes Hox genes?

Which is true regarding the homologous Hox genes for dorsal-ventral patterning in mice and flies?

Which of the following represent(s) homologies?

Which of the following is true of the complex eye?

Provide at least three examples of complex adaptions that are far from perfect, but still provide fitness advantages.

Why are there no gigantic insects alive today?

How are tetrapod limbs and fish fins developmentally similar?

The Engrailed (En) gene is an example of a(n)

Please describe at least two different ways that a patterning network can be perturbed to create an altered phenotype.

The gene for snake venom crotamine is most closely related to

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Sex: Causes and Consequences

After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

The Origin of Species

Macroevolution: the Long Run

Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Brains and Behavior

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Evolutionary Medicine

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Exam 9: From Genes to Traits: the Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development

How does bat wing development differ from other tetrapod limbs?

Two genes that are paralogs

Placental mammals differ from marsupial mammals in that

In Näsvall's experiments, the purpose of the mutation to the HisA enzyme in Salmonella was to

How does the development of a mouse leg differ from the development of a fly leg?

Is the fly eye homologous to the mouse eye, or is it convergent?

How might complex adaptions evolve in bacteria?

Olfactory receptor evolution provides an example of

Which of the following statements accurately describes Hox genes?

Which is true regarding the homologous Hox genes for dorsal-ventral patterning in mice and flies?

Which of the following represent(s) homologies?

Which of the following is true of the complex eye?

Provide at least three examples of complex adaptions that are far from perfect, but still provide fitness advantages.

Why are there no gigantic insects alive today?

How are tetrapod limbs and fish fins developmentally similar?

The Engrailed (En) gene is an example of a(n)

Please describe at least two different ways that a patterning network can be perturbed to create an altered phenotype.

The gene for snake venom crotamine is most closely related to

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Sex: Causes and Consequences

After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

The Origin of Species

Macroevolution: the Long Run

Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Brains and Behavior

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Evolutionary Medicine

Filters