Question 1

What type of selection permits the coexistence of several reproductive strategies in side-blotched lizards?

Accepted Answer

A)  directional 
B)  stabilizing 
C)  disruptive 
D)  negative frequency-dependent 
A)  directional 
B)  stabilizing 
C)  disruptive 
D)  negative frequency-dependent

Question 2

Explain how the vertebrate brain can reflect the evolutionary history and ecological specialization of a species.

Accepted Answer

The vertebrate brain can reflect the evo

Question 3

What is the coefficient of relatedness of an uncle to his niece?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.5 
B)  0.25 
C)  0.125 
D)  0.0625 
A)  0.5 
B)  0.25 
C)  0.125 
D)  0.0625

Question 4

Which of the following of Nikolaas Tinbergen's questions about behavior address(es) an ultimate level of behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  How does it work? 
B)  How does it develop? 
C)  How did it evolve? 
D)  a and b 
E)  b and c 
A)  How does it work? 
B)  How does it develop? 
C)  How did it evolve? 
D)  a and b 
E)  b and c

Question 5

Why is haplodiploidy thought to predispose hymenopteran lineages to eusocial behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Daughters have a higher r than in diploid species. 
B)  Females have higher inclusive fitness from helping mothers than from reproducing. 
C)  Sisters are more closely related to each other than to their own offspring. 
D)  b and c 
E)  a, b, and c 
A)  Daughters have a higher r than in diploid species. 
B)  Females have higher inclusive fitness from helping mothers than from reproducing. 
C)  Sisters are more closely related to each other than to their own offspring. 
D)  b and c 
E)  a, b, and c

Question 6

Is it theoretically possible for altruistic behavior to evolve if relatedness is very low (for example, r = 0.05)? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Yes, it is theoretically possible for al

Question 7

How does brain size vary among the different vertebrate lineages?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only primates evolved an expansion of the cerebral cortex. 
B)  Tetrapods evolved a larger cerebellum after moving onto land. 
C)  Mammals evolved an expansion of the cerebral cortex. 
D)  Tetrapods evolved a larger optic tectum after moving onto land. 
A)  Only primates evolved an expansion of the cerebral cortex. 
B)  Tetrapods evolved a larger cerebellum after moving onto land. 
C)  Mammals evolved an expansion of the cerebral cortex. 
D)  Tetrapods evolved a larger optic tectum after moving onto land.

Question 8

Key functions of neurons are

Accepted Answer

A)  sensing the environment, but not responding to it. 
B)  responding to the environment with a behavior, but not sensing it. 
C)  sensing the environment and responding with a behavior. 
D)  sensing the environment, responding with a behavior, and adapting to the environment. 
A)  sensing the environment, but not responding to it. 
B)  responding to the environment with a behavior, but not sensing it. 
C)  sensing the environment and responding with a behavior. 
D)  sensing the environment, responding with a behavior, and adapting to the environment.

Question 9

Which of the following is true regarding the evolution of neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  All proteins involved in the formation of neurons evolved after the lineages leading to bilaterians and cnidarians split from the lineage leading to sponges. 
B)  All proteins involved in the formation of neurons evolved after the lineage leading to bilaterians split from the lineage leading to Cnidarians. 
C)  Some proteins involved in the formation of neurons are found in plants. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  All proteins involved in the formation of neurons evolved after the lineages leading to bilaterians and cnidarians split from the lineage leading to sponges. 
B)  All proteins involved in the formation of neurons evolved after the lineage leading to bilaterians split from the lineage leading to Cnidarians. 
C)  Some proteins involved in the formation of neurons are found in plants. 
D)  none of the above

Question 10

Dictyostelium discoides, also known as cellular slime mold, is a

Accepted Answer

A)  multicellular eukaryote that lives in the soil. 
B)  single-celled prokaryote that preys on bacteria. 
C)  single-celled eukaryote that lives in the soil. 
D)  multicellular prokaryote that preys on bacteria. 
A)  multicellular eukaryote that lives in the soil. 
B)  single-celled prokaryote that preys on bacteria. 
C)  single-celled eukaryote that lives in the soil. 
D)  multicellular prokaryote that preys on bacteria.

Question 11

Critique the following statement: Some individuals in nearly all species do not breed. A reasonable explanation for this is that species maintain non-breeding individuals as insurance. Non-breeding individuals are hardier and exist to replenish the population after a period of harsh conditions.

Accepted Answer

The statement that some individuals in n

Question 12

What do sensory maps of the somatosensory cortex of burrowing mammals show?

Accepted Answer

A)  The burrowing niche is reflected in highly sensitive facial features and forelegs. 
B)  The naked mole rats use their teeth to dig tunnels, but their noses are more sensitive than their teeth. 
C)  The nose of a star-nosed mole is more sensitive than the rest of its entire body. 
D)  a and c 
E)  all of the above 
A)  The burrowing niche is reflected in highly sensitive facial features and forelegs. 
B)  The naked mole rats use their teeth to dig tunnels, but their noses are more sensitive than their teeth. 
C)  The nose of a star-nosed mole is more sensitive than the rest of its entire body. 
D)  a and c 
E)  all of the above

Question 13

How might learning and innate behaviors be connected?

Accepted Answer

A)  Learning enables animals to optimize innate behaviors to a changing environment. 
B)  Innate behaviors occur after learning has been established. 
C)  Innate behaviors are always completely independent of learned behaviors. 
D)  a and b 
A)  Learning enables animals to optimize innate behaviors to a changing environment. 
B)  Innate behaviors occur after learning has been established. 
C)  Innate behaviors are always completely independent of learned behaviors. 
D)  a and b

Question 14

Which of the following is not an example of animals using tools?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chimpanzees crack nuts with rocks. 
B)  Crossbills pry open pinecones with their bills. 
C)  Gorillas use a stick to test water depth. 
D)  Crows use sticks to reach food. 
A)  Chimpanzees crack nuts with rocks. 
B)  Crossbills pry open pinecones with their bills. 
C)  Gorillas use a stick to test water depth. 
D)  Crows use sticks to reach food.

Question 15

The mouthless jellyfish, Mastigias paupua, has a symbiotic relationship with the photosynthetic organisms that live inside its tissues and can absorb nutrients from the soil at the bottom of a body of water. The jellyfish migrates upward in the water column toward the surface during the day and descends at night. Provide one proximate and one ultimate explanation for this behavior.

Accepted Answer

The proximate explanation for the mouthl

Question 16

Mexican colonial web-building spiders nest in colonies that range in size from ten to thousands of individuals, with each individual occupying their own web within the colony. Colonies are frequently attacked by predatory wasps. Individuals in larger colonies suffer lower predation than those in smaller colonies. The data in the graph below are from a study performed by Uetz et al. (2002), where they measured the distance at which spiders responded to potential predators. Open bars are for spiders on the interior, and colored bars are for spiders on the periphery of the colony. What type of grouping benefit is demonstrated here?

Accepted Answer

A)  dilution 
B)  group defense 
C)  increased vigilance 
D)  cooperative foraging 
A)  dilution 
B)  group defense 
C)  increased vigilance 
D)  cooperative foraging

Question 17

What does Haikouichthys, a fossilized early vertebrate, have in common with other living vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  a spinal canal surrounded by vertebrae, which was supported by a notochord 
B)  dark spots at the front of the body, resembling eyes 
C)  a skull that may have held a primitive brain 
D)  all of the above 
A)  a spinal canal surrounded by vertebrae, which was supported by a notochord 
B)  dark spots at the front of the body, resembling eyes 
C)  a skull that may have held a primitive brain 
D)  all of the above

Question 18

How does Dictyostelium discoides, a cellular slime mold, demonstrate behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  When resources are limited, cells swarm to form a slug-like mass. 
B)  When resources are abundant, cells enter a dormant state. 
C)  When resources are limited, cells sporulate to increase the likelihood of producing offspring. 
D)  When resources are abundant, cells swarm to form a slug-like mass. 
A)  When resources are limited, cells swarm to form a slug-like mass. 
B)  When resources are abundant, cells enter a dormant state. 
C)  When resources are limited, cells sporulate to increase the likelihood of producing offspring. 
D)  When resources are abundant, cells swarm to form a slug-like mass.

Question 19

Which of the following is not a behavior that likely evolved because it has a positive effect on the indirect component of inclusive fitness?

Accepted Answer

A)  A female wasp helps an unrelated dominant female reproduce so that she will take over the reproductive role when the dominant female dies. 
B)  A bird remains on its natal territory, helping to rear brothers and sisters. 
C)  A human female loses fertility in middle age, but helps rear grandchildren. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  A female wasp helps an unrelated dominant female reproduce so that she will take over the reproductive role when the dominant female dies. 
B)  A bird remains on its natal territory, helping to rear brothers and sisters. 
C)  A human female loses fertility in middle age, but helps rear grandchildren. 
D)  all of the above

Question 20

Which of the following could be an ultimate explanation for the behavior of migration in birds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreasing day length in the fall influences a bird's circadian rhythm, which triggers flight behavior. 
B)  Birds use a sun compass to orient as they fly south in the fall. 
C)  Birds fly south in the fall because food resources are more plentiful there in the winter. 
D)  none of the above 
A)  Decreasing day length in the fall influences a bird's circadian rhythm, which triggers flight behavior. 
B)  Birds use a sun compass to orient as they fly south in the fall. 
C)  Birds fly south in the fall because food resources are more plentiful there in the winter. 
D)  none of the above

What type of selection permits the coexistence of several reproductive strategies in side-blotched lizards?

Explain how the vertebrate brain can reflect the evolutionary history and ecological specialization of a species.

What is the coefficient of relatedness of an uncle to his niece?

Which of the following of Nikolaas Tinbergen's questions about behavior address(es) an ultimate level of behavior?

Why is haplodiploidy thought to predispose hymenopteran lineages to eusocial behavior?

Is it theoretically possible for altruistic behavior to evolve if relatedness is very low (for example, r = 0.05)? Why or why not?

How does brain size vary among the different vertebrate lineages?

Key functions of neurons are

Which of the following is true regarding the evolution of neurons?

Dictyostelium discoides, also known as cellular slime mold, is a

Critique the following statement: Some individuals in nearly all species do not breed. A reasonable explanation for this is that species maintain non-breeding individuals as insurance. Non-breeding individuals are hardier and exist to replenish the population after a period of harsh conditions.

What do sensory maps of the somatosensory cortex of burrowing mammals show?

How might learning and innate behaviors be connected?

Which of the following is not an example of animals using tools?

What does Haikouichthys, a fossilized early vertebrate, have in common with other living vertebrates?

How does Dictyostelium discoides, a cellular slime mold, demonstrate behavior?

Which of the following is not a behavior that likely evolved because it has a positive effect on the indirect component of inclusive fitness?

Which of the following could be an ultimate explanation for the behavior of migration in birds?

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

From Genes to Traits: the Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development

Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Sex: Causes and Consequences

After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

The Origin of Species

Macroevolution: the Long Run

Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Evolutionary Medicine

Filters

Exam 16: Brains and Behavior

What type of selection permits the coexistence of several reproductive strategies in side-blotched lizards?

Explain how the vertebrate brain can reflect the evolutionary history and ecological specialization of a species.

What is the coefficient of relatedness of an uncle to his niece?

Which of the following of Nikolaas Tinbergen's questions about behavior address(es) an ultimate level of behavior?

Why is haplodiploidy thought to predispose hymenopteran lineages to eusocial behavior?

Is it theoretically possible for altruistic behavior to evolve if relatedness is very low (for example, r = 0.05)? Why or why not?

How does brain size vary among the different vertebrate lineages?

Key functions of neurons are

Which of the following is true regarding the evolution of neurons?

Dictyostelium discoides, also known as cellular slime mold, is a

Critique the following statement: Some individuals in nearly all species do not breed. A reasonable explanation for this is that species maintain non-breeding individuals as insurance. Non-breeding individuals are hardier and exist to replenish the population after a period of harsh conditions.

What do sensory maps of the somatosensory cortex of burrowing mammals show?

How might learning and innate behaviors be connected?

Which of the following is not an example of animals using tools?

What does Haikouichthys, a fossilized early vertebrate, have in common with other living vertebrates?

How does Dictyostelium discoides, a cellular slime mold, demonstrate behavior?

Which of the following is not a behavior that likely evolved because it has a positive effect on the indirect component of inclusive fitness?

Which of the following could be an ultimate explanation for the behavior of migration in birds?

The Whale and the Virus: How Scientists Study Evolution

From Natural Philosophy to Darwin: a Brief History of Evolutionary Ideas

What the Rocks Say: How Geology and Paleontology Reveal the History of Life

The Tree of Life: How Biologists Use Phylogeny to Reconstruct the Deep Past

Raw Material: Heritable Variation Among Individuals

The Ways of Change: Drift and Selection

Beyond Alleles: Quantitative Genetics and the Evolution of Phenotypes

The History in Our Genes

From Genes to Traits: the Evolution of Genetic Networks and Development

Natural Selection: Empirical Studies in the Wild

Sex: Causes and Consequences

After Conception: the Evolution of Life History and Parental Care

The Origin of Species

Macroevolution: the Long Run

Intimate Partnerships: How Species Adapt to Each Other

Human Evolution: a New Kind of Ape

Evolutionary Medicine

Filters