Exam 6: Learning

Dr. Goodman is a developmental psychologist. He finds that if parents in a household bring their own work home with them to do in the evenings, children in that household have better homework grades than children whose parents do not bring work home. A) Explain modeling and vicarious conditioning. B) Discuss how one of these concepts might explain Dr. Goodman's finding.

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Question 1

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A) Modeling is the imitation of behavior through observation. Vicarious conditioning is learning about the consequences of a behavior by seeing it be rewarded or punished when someone else performs the behavior.
B) One example could be the following: children in homes where parents have their own work to do may have better grades because they see their parents working hard and being studious for their own tasks, and so the children follow suit by studiously working on their homework every night. Children might be literally modeling their parents' behavior ("Mom does her 'homework' and I do mine"), or they may have learned through vicarious conditioning ("You do well at your job when you do your homework well").

Mason has spent many hours studying the exact order of the first hundred digits of number pi, which has resulted in strengthened synaptic connections in his brain. Mason's ability to learn the numbers is most likely a result of

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Question 2

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Sampson is a dolphin trainer who trains his dolphins to perform tasks by blowing a high-pitched whistle immediately after the dolphins do the task. The dolphins enjoy the sound Of the whistle because it previously was paired with the fish they were given to eat. Based on This, you know that Sampson is using the whistle as a ________ reinforcer to train the Dolphins.

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Question 3

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Percy wants to teach his daughter good manners. To increase the likelihood of her saying "Excuse me" when bumping into someone in a store, he should use a stimulus called a(n)

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Question 4

Susie wants to use operant conditioning to teach her cat to sit up for a treat. A psychologist who has conducted research that would be useful to her in this situation is

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Question 5

Derek is conducting research with chimpanzees and observes that when the chimps' behaviors lead to some sort of satisfaction, they repeat those behaviors. Derek's observations Are most consistent with

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Question 6

Jonathan is traveling to Italy, and his motto for his trip is "When in Rome, do as the Romans do!" This phrase suggests that Jonathan is most likely to learn how to behave in Rome based on

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Question 7

If Carlos wants to use classical conditioning so his three-year-old sister learns to be afraid of dogs, he should

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Question 8

Every day when Johnny goes outside for recess, he sees the child who bullies him on the playground, which causes him to feel anxious. Over time, Johnny has been classically conditioned to feel anxious at the sound of the bell signaling the start of recess. A) Identify the US, UR, CS, and CR in this situation. B) What is extinction? Give an example of how extinction might occur in Johnny's situation, if the bully goes on vacation for two weeks. C) When the bully returns to school after his two-week vacation, how might Johnny's conditioned response to the recess bell change?

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Question 9

Sasha finds it funny that when she makes a silly face, her infant daughter, Penelope, tries to make the same silly face. As a psychologist who studies learning, Sasha knows that when Penelope observes Sasha's face, Penelope's ________ is/are active.

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Question 10

Rachel's dog loves meat and salivates when he sees it. Rachel repeatedly shows her dog a picture of a circle before showing him a piece of meat. Soon, the dog salivates at the picture Of the circle. When Rachel shows her dog a picture of an oval, the dog does not salivate, Which is best explained by

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Question 11

When you first bought your pet hamsters Fudge and Brownie, only Fudge would let you pet him. After a few weeks of Brownie watching you pet Fudge, Brownie started to let you pet Her) In this case, Brownie's new behavior is most likely the result of learning by

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 12

Irina, who is three years old, was watching her father hammer a nail to join two pieces of wood. If Irina learns how to hammer wood together after this experience, it is most likely the Result of

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 13

Braxton’s friend Shayla is caught cheating on a test and receives an F. Braxton learns the consequences of cheating by watching Shayla be punished for this action. Braxton has learned through

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Question 14

Mike wants to teach his two-year-old brother to dunk a basketball in a mini basketball net. A) Describe shaping and explain how Mike would be able to use this to teach his brother to dunk. B) How are primary and secondary reinforcers similar and different? Give an example of each that Mike could use to reinforce his brother.

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Question 15

Whenever two-year-old Abby uses the toilet, her mom puts a sticker on a chart. When the sticker chart is full, Abby is allowed to pick out a toy from the store. Using the sticker as a Secondary reinforcer means that this is a type of

(Multiple Choice)

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Question 16

A device in Jaclyn's car beeps loudly whenever she brakes too quickly. After three months of using the device, Jaclyn's insurance company will lower her rate if her driving improves. The Device is being used as what type of operant-conditioning technique?

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Question 17

When Billy's upstairs neighbor wakes up early to take a shower, Billy is typically awakened when the water starts, but then he gets used to the noise and goes back to sleep. In this Example, Billy is showing learning through

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Question 18

Rosy bites her older brother whenever he doesn't share his toys with her, so Rosy's parents put her in time-out for biting. The next time her brother does not share his toys, Rosy hits him. Time-out has not corrected Rosy's poor behavior because

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Question 19

Timothy believes that his infant son was born as a blank slate, knowing nothing about the world. This information suggests that Timothy most likely believes in

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Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 134

Mason has spent many hours studying the exact order of the first hundred digits of number pi, which has resulted in strengthened synaptic connections in his brain. Mason's ability to learn the numbers is most likely a result of

Percy wants to teach his daughter good manners. To increase the likelihood of her saying "Excuse me" when bumping into someone in a store, he should use a stimulus called a(n)

Susie wants to use operant conditioning to teach her cat to sit up for a treat. A psychologist who has conducted research that would be useful to her in this situation is

Derek is conducting research with chimpanzees and observes that when the chimps' behaviors lead to some sort of satisfaction, they repeat those behaviors. Derek's observations Are most consistent with

Jonathan is traveling to Italy, and his motto for his trip is "When in Rome, do as the Romans do!" This phrase suggests that Jonathan is most likely to learn how to behave in Rome based on

If Carlos wants to use classical conditioning so his three-year-old sister learns to be afraid of dogs, he should

Sasha finds it funny that when she makes a silly face, her infant daughter, Penelope, tries to make the same silly face. As a psychologist who studies learning, Sasha knows that when Penelope observes Sasha's face, Penelope's ________ is/are active.

Rachel's dog loves meat and salivates when he sees it. Rachel repeatedly shows her dog a picture of a circle before showing him a piece of meat. Soon, the dog salivates at the picture Of the circle. When Rachel shows her dog a picture of an oval, the dog does not salivate, Which is best explained by

When you first bought your pet hamsters Fudge and Brownie, only Fudge would let you pet him. After a few weeks of Brownie watching you pet Fudge, Brownie started to let you pet Her) In this case, Brownie's new behavior is most likely the result of learning by

Irina, who is three years old, was watching her father hammer a nail to join two pieces of wood. If Irina learns how to hammer wood together after this experience, it is most likely the Result of

Braxton’s friend Shayla is caught cheating on a test and receives an F. Braxton learns the consequences of cheating by watching Shayla be punished for this action. Braxton has learned through

Whenever two-year-old Abby uses the toilet, her mom puts a sticker on a chart. When the sticker chart is full, Abby is allowed to pick out a toy from the store. Using the sticker as a Secondary reinforcer means that this is a type of

A device in Jaclyn's car beeps loudly whenever she brakes too quickly. After three months of using the device, Jaclyn's insurance company will lower her rate if her driving improves. The Device is being used as what type of operant-conditioning technique?

When Billy's upstairs neighbor wakes up early to take a shower, Billy is typically awakened when the water starts, but then he gets used to the noise and goes back to sleep. In this Example, Billy is showing learning through

Rosy bites her older brother whenever he doesn't share his toys with her, so Rosy's parents put her in time-out for biting. The next time her brother does not share his toys, Rosy hits him. Time-out has not corrected Rosy's poor behavior because

Timothy believes that his infant son was born as a blank slate, knowing nothing about the world. This information suggests that Timothy most likely believes in

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