Exam 6: Learning

A) Describe non-associative learning and associative learning. B) Name and explain one type of non-associative learning. C) Explain how non-associative learning is helpful because it allows people to adapt to their environments.

Samantha tells her roommate that negative reinforcement and negative punishment are similar because they

Last year, Martina was in love with Robert, but they broke up a few months ago. Today in the mall, Martina smells someone wearing the same cologne that Robert always wore. She is immediately filled with positive feelings, which is most likely due to

A perfume advertisement uses classical conditioning to increase product appeal. To do this, it pairs the attractive face of the actor Brad Pitt with its perfume Chanel N^o 5. If Brad Pitt Elicits an innate response from you, he is being used as a(n)

Taylor's parents are inconsistent with their child-rearing practices. Some days, Taylor can get away with climbing onto the back of the couch and jumping off, but other days she is Punished. Taylor's parents are reinforcing her behavior on a ________ schedule.

If getting $1 for every correct answer on this test makes you study harder for the next test, then being given $1 is a form of

Ben's father, Sean, is very authoritative. He often puts Ben in a time-out for fighting with his sister, takes away his favorite toy when he stays up past his bedtime, and restricts his daily TV time if he does not get good grades. Ben's mother, Tanya, is friendly and supportive. She frequently takes Ben for ice cream when he does well on his homework assignments, praises him when he comes home from tennis practice, and gives him a weekly allowance if he completes his chores. A) Write a definition of operant conditioning. B) Are Sean and Tanya using reinforcement or punishment? Be specific in explaining your answer. How do you know which one each parent is using? C) Give one example of how Sean could use the Premack principle to get Ben to go to bed on time.

Reinforcement that comes after a predetermined amount of time is called a

The idea that "neurons that fire together, wire together" refers to the principle that a connection is formed between neurons when one repeatedly activates another. This theory, Proposed by a neuropsychologist, is known as which of the following?

Billy has watched many movies in which the hero smokes cigarettes. Billy identifies with these heroes and begins to smoke himself. Billy's new smoking behavior is best explained by

Melanie is getting “D” grades in several of her classes. To get Melanie to study more, her parents should

Kathy is classically conditioned to fear the toilet flushing while she is in the shower because the flush causes a surge of hot water. Kathy showers at her parent's house, someone flushes The toilet, and she does not get burned. Still, when showering back at home, the toilet flushes And Kathy immediately feels a surge of fear. This example best illustrates the fact that Extinction

Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines are reinforcing to the user, making it more likely that he or she will use again. This is because the drugs

If Sheila wants to decrease her dog barking at the cat next door, she should most likely use

Michael is observing the people in his dorm and listing any behaviors that indicate learning. Which of the following should be included on Michael's list?

In Thorndike's puzzle box, a trapped cat had to perform a specific action in order to escape. Thorndike ________ the box in order to encourage the cat to try to escape.

George is traveling to visit his friend Ryan in a neighboring town but has to take a detour due to road construction. At first George feels lost, but then he notices a sign for Madison Street And immediately knows where he is and how to navigate to Ryan's house. In this situation, George has reached Ryan's by using

Vincent wants to use systematic desensitization to treat his patient's phobia of elevators. After the patient learns how to relax her muscles, Vincent's next step should be to

Reynold believes that reinforcement affects the performance of a behavior more than the acquisition of knowledge. Reynold's belief is consistent with the ideas of the cognitive theorist

If Dr. Raybel wants to observe how people learn to play a new game, he may want to consult the founder of behaviorism,