Exam 6: Learning

Albert has a beautiful garden in his backyard and notices that hummingbirds feed on the flowers at the same time each day in order to get the most nectar. The hummingbirds are Being rewarded for their feeding behavior on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Yang watched her brother pray before eating and heard their mother praise him for praying. Thus, Yang has learned to pray before eating a meal. Yang's praying is most likely a result of

A rehabilitation center reinforces patients' good behaviors with Monopoly money, which they can then trade in for food, movies, or other privileges. When they behave badly, however, the Patients lose Monopoly money. To modify the patients' behavior, the center is using

A father takes his young daughter to the park. The girl grabs a red flower and is stung by a bee. The next day, the girl's grandmother brings her a bouquet of red flowers. When the girl Sees the flowers, she becomes afraid and runs away. In this example, the conditioned Stimulus is the

Katrina is training her dog to sit whenever she points at him. She repeatedly points right before giving a verbal command. Her dog gradually learns to associate the pointing with the Verbal command and will eventually sit when she points without the verbal command. This Process of gradual learning is known as

Antonio has a fear of heights. He is consulting with a therapist so that he can take a trip to visit his cousin, who lives in Europe. A) What is systematic desensitization? B) How is systematic desensitization different from counterconditioning? C) What is the most important feature of systematic desensitization?

Jess always feels hungry at 7:00 PM. Maggie, Jess's roommate, decides to play a particular song for Jess at 6:59 PM for several nights in a row. One night, Maggie plays the song at 5:30 PM and Jess says, "Huh . . . I suddenly feel hungry." In this situation, classical conditioning occurred because

Elianna watches a YouTube video of a skateboarder failing to complete a risky jump and landing in a painful position. She winces and says "Ouch, that hurts" when she watches. Elianna can feel the skateboarder's pain because

When Mitch watches his brother Jacob stand on tiptoes to open the cabinet door, which of the following is most likely happening in Mitch's brain?

In Pavlov's research, dogs learned that the sound of a metronome predicted the arrival of food, so the dogs salivated at the sound of the metronome. In this research, classical Conditioning occurred in part because the ________ elicited a(n) ________ response (salivation).

You carpool with a friend to school every morning and he always drives. One day, your friend is sick and you have to drive yourself. Even though you have never actually driven to school, You know the exact route to take in order to get there from your house, which is most likely The result of

Three-year-old Markus is startled by the booming sound of thunder he heard before a storm. According to the cognitive model of classical learning, Markus will pay close attention to his environment in an effort to try to

Simon's dog urinates in the house while he is at work. When he gets home and sees the mess, he rubs his dog's nose in it and yells, "Bad dog!" Which of the following is one reason why This attempt at positive punishment might not work to correct the dog's behavior?

Professor McCready wants to study animal learning by putting birds in a cage where they have to figure out how to peck a button to receive food. Professor McCready is using________ to modify animal behavior.

Thayer is holding her infant cousin and she smiles at the baby. The baby observes Thayer smiling and imitates the smile by smiling back. The baby most likely learned to smile in this Situation based on

If Pavlov repeatedly presented the conditioned stimulus, the metronome, without the unconditioned stimulus, the food, the dogs would stop salivating to the sound of the metronome. In classical conditioning, this process is called

Aldo cannot get the answer to a chemistry problem even after sitting at his desk for an hour. He gets up and goes for a walk. Suddenly, even though he appears to have stopped thinking About it for a while, the answer comes to him. Aldo has most likely solved the problem based on

Sandra is toilet training her son and only rewards him some of the time when he uses the toilet. Sandra knows that using partial reinforcement creates behaviors that are more enduring Than does continuous reinforcement, which is a result of

Cheryl hears a new song on the radio every day during the week on her commute to work. Surprisingly, when the song comes on at a party on Saturday night, she knows most of the words without trying. A) Describe the three ways that we use cognition to learn without reinforcement. B) Which type of cognitive learning without reinforcement best explains how Cheryl knew the song lyrics? Explain your answer.

Jean wants her daughter to eat her vegetables so she is healthy. Jean tells her daughter that after she eats her vegetables she can play outside, which is one of her daughter's favorite Things to do. In this situation, Jean is using ________ to increase her daughter's eating of Vegetables.