Question 1

Gel electrophoresis is a useful tool in DNA cloning. At a neutral pH, when voltage is applied, DNA fragments will migrate toward the anode because:

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA is negatively charged due to its glycine backbone. 
B)  DNA is negatively charged due to its phosphate backbone. 
C)  DNA is positively charged due to its glycine backbone. 
D)  DNA is positively charged due to its phosphate backbone. 
A)  DNA is negatively charged due to its glycine backbone. 
B)  DNA is negatively charged due to its phosphate backbone. 
C)  DNA is positively charged due to its glycine backbone. 
D)  DNA is positively charged due to its phosphate backbone.

Question 2

Which formula demonstrates Chargaff's rule?

Accepted Answer

A)  A + G = T + C 
B)  A + T = G + C 
C)  A + C = G + T 
A)  A + G = T + C 
B)  A + T = G + C 
C)  A + C = G + T

Question 3

What is a major advantage of PCR?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primers can be reused. 
B)  It uses a small amount of DNA. 
C)  Probes can come from several sources. 
D)  DNA can be single stranded. 
A)  Primers can be reused. 
B)  It uses a small amount of DNA. 
C)  Probes can come from several sources. 
D)  DNA can be single stranded.

Question 4

Which of the following blood groups is coded by variants of a single gene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rh 
B)  Xg 
C)  MNS 
D)  Chido/Rodgers 
E)  Lutheran 
A)  Rh 
B)  Xg 
C)  MNS 
D)  Chido/Rodgers 
E)  Lutheran

Question 5

All of the following are sources of DNA for performing Southern blot analysis except:

Accepted Answer

A)  bone marrow. 
B)  leukocytes. 
C)  cell cultures. 
D)  pericardial fluid. 
A)  bone marrow. 
B)  leukocytes. 
C)  cell cultures. 
D)  pericardial fluid.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding the DNA molecule is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytosine always pairs with guanine. 
B)  Adenine always pairs with thymine. 
C)  Adenine always pairs with uracil. 
D)  Options A and B 
A)  Cytosine always pairs with guanine. 
B)  Adenine always pairs with thymine. 
C)  Adenine always pairs with uracil. 
D)  Options A and B

Question 7

Southern blotting techniques are mostly being replaced by .

Accepted Answer

A)  Northern blotting techniques 
B)  Eastern blotting techniques 
C)  polymerase chain reaction-based methods 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Northern blotting techniques 
B)  Eastern blotting techniques 
C)  polymerase chain reaction-based methods 
D)  all of the above

Question 8

What blood grouping information can be ascertained from RFLP analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rh factor 
B)  HLA phenotype 
C)  Sda 
D)  Polyagglutination 
A)  Rh factor 
B)  HLA phenotype 
C)  Sda 
D)  Polyagglutination

Question 9

Biotechnology is important in blood banking because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  its production of growth factors. 
B)  its production of erythropoietin. 
C)  its production of clotting factors. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  its production of growth factors. 
B)  its production of erythropoietin. 
C)  its production of clotting factors. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 10

An advantage to cloning using the polymerase chain reaction is that it can be done completely .

Accepted Answer

A)  in vitro 
B)  in vivo 
C)  in situ 
D)  in utero 
A)  in vitro 
B)  in vivo 
C)  in situ 
D)  in utero

Question 11

During protein biosynthesis combines the codons of mRNA with its anticodons.

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  uracil 
D)  reverse transcriptase 
A)  DNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  uracil 
D)  reverse transcriptase

Question 12

A codon consists of how many nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 13

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Transcription mediated amplification is a form of NAT. 
B)  Serological testing for antibodies shortens the preconversion window period for testing the safety of donor units for the national blood supply. 
C)  PCR and ligase chain reaction are both examples of NAT. 
D)  NAT allows the detection of pathogens before the appearance of testable immune response. 
A)  Transcription mediated amplification is a form of NAT. 
B)  Serological testing for antibodies shortens the preconversion window period for testing the safety of donor units for the national blood supply. 
C)  PCR and ligase chain reaction are both examples of NAT. 
D)  NAT allows the detection of pathogens before the appearance of testable immune response.

Question 14

What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to show the helical structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gas chromatography 
B)  Infrared spectrum 
C)  Mass spectrometry 
D)  X-ray diffraction 
A)  Gas chromatography 
B)  Infrared spectrum 
C)  Mass spectrometry 
D)  X-ray diffraction

Question 15

Single-stranded RNA can be transcribed into single-stranded DNA by what enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polymerase 
B)  DNAse 
C)  Reverse transcriptase 
D)  Endonuclease 
A)  Polymerase 
B)  DNAse 
C)  Reverse transcriptase 
D)  Endonuclease

Question 16

Which of the following is representative of the lagging strand in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerase catalyzes a primer that provides the 3'OH to which DNA polymerase III can add nucleotides. 
B)  DNA polymerase catalyzes a primer that provides the 5'OH to which RNA polymerase can add nucleotides. 
C)  DNA telomerase catalyzes a primer that provides the 3'OH to which RNA polymerase can add nucleotides. 
D)  DNA ligase catalyzes a primer that provides the 5'OH to which RNA polymerase can add nucleotides. 
A)  RNA polymerase catalyzes a primer that provides the 3'OH to which DNA polymerase III can add nucleotides. 
B)  DNA polymerase catalyzes a primer that provides the 5'OH to which RNA polymerase can add nucleotides. 
C)  DNA telomerase catalyzes a primer that provides the 3'OH to which RNA polymerase can add nucleotides. 
D)  DNA ligase catalyzes a primer that provides the 5'OH to which RNA polymerase can add nucleotides.

Question 17

What is a disadvantage of using ethidium bromide (EB) as a dye in electrophoresis studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is expensive. 
B)  It is mutagenic. 
C)  It is rare and difficult to obtain. 
D)  It fades quickly after use. 
A)  It is expensive. 
B)  It is mutagenic. 
C)  It is rare and difficult to obtain. 
D)  It fades quickly after use.

Question 18

How can genomic DNA be obtained?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a hypotonic solution and proteinase K 
B)  Lysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells with a hypertonic solution and proteinase K 
C)  Lysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with an isotonic solution and proteinase K 
D)  Lysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells with an isotonic solution and proteinase K 
A)  Lysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with a hypotonic solution and proteinase K 
B)  Lysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells with a hypertonic solution and proteinase K 
C)  Lysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with an isotonic solution and proteinase K 
D)  Lysis of bone marrow mononuclear cells with an isotonic solution and proteinase K

Question 19

What is the function of helicases and gyrases in the polymerase chain reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  To unwind the DNA 
B)  To anneal to cDNA sequences 
C)  To extend the primer sequence 
D)  To generate blunt-ended, double-stranded products 
A)  To unwind the DNA 
B)  To anneal to cDNA sequences 
C)  To extend the primer sequence 
D)  To generate blunt-ended, double-stranded products

Question 20

In nucleic acid hybridization, nucleic acid hybrids can be formed between.

Accepted Answer

A)  two strands of DNA 
B)  two strands of RNA 
C)  one strand of RNA and one strand of DNA 
D)  all of the above 
A)  two strands of DNA 
B)  two strands of RNA 
C)  one strand of RNA and one strand of DNA 
D)  all of the above

Exam 4: Concepts in Molecular Biology

Gel electrophoresis is a useful tool in DNA cloning. At a neutral pH, when voltage is applied, DNA fragments will migrate toward the anode because:

Which formula demonstrates Chargaff's rule?

What is a major advantage of PCR?

Which of the following blood groups is coded by variants of a single gene?

All of the following are sources of DNA for performing Southern blot analysis except:

Which of the following statements regarding the DNA molecule is false?

Southern blotting techniques are mostly being replaced by .

What blood grouping information can be ascertained from RFLP analysis?

Biotechnology is important in blood banking because of:

An advantage to cloning using the polymerase chain reaction is that it can be done completely .

During protein biosynthesis combines the codons of mRNA with its anticodons.

A codon consists of how many nucleotides?

Which of the following statements is false?

What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to show the helical structure of DNA?

Single-stranded RNA can be transcribed into single-stranded DNA by what enzyme?

Which of the following is representative of the lagging strand in DNA replication?

What is a disadvantage of using ethidium bromide (EB) as a dye in electrophoresis studies?

How can genomic DNA be obtained?

What is the function of helicases and gyrases in the polymerase chain reaction?

In nucleic acid hybridization, nucleic acid hybrids can be formed between.

Red Blood Cells and Platelet Preservation: Historical Perspectives and Current Trends

Basic Genetics

Fundamentals of Immunology

The Antiglobulin Test

The Abo Blood Group System

The Rh Blood Group System

Blood Group Terminology and Common Blood Groups

Uncommon Blood Groups

Detection and Identification of Antibodies

Pre-Transfusion Testing

Blood Bank Technologies and Automation

Donor Selection

Transfusion-Transmitted Diseases

Component Preparation

Transfusion Therapy

Adverse Effects of Blood Transfusion

Apheresis

Cellular Therapy in the Transplant Setting

Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias

Tissue Banking As Part of the Transfusion Service

The Hla System

Relationship Testing

Quality Management

Patient Blood Management

Transfusion Safety and Federal Regulatory Requirements

Laboratory Information Systems in the Blood Bank

Medicolegal and Ethical Aspects of Providing Blood Collection and Transfusion Services

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