Question 1

Which of the following is a type of learned helplessness?

Accepted Answer

A) universal 
B) situational 
C) global 
D) specific 
A) universal 
B) situational 
C) global 
D) specific

Question 2

One major brain structure involved with learned helplessness is ______.

Accepted Answer

A) the amygdala 
B) the locus coeruleus 
C) the basal ganglia 
D) the prefrontal cortex 
A) the amygdala 
B) the locus coeruleus 
C) the basal ganglia 
D) the prefrontal cortex

Question 3

What is an attribution? Define the dimensions they are evaluated on and finally describe five types of attributions.

Accepted Answer

An attribution is the perceived cause of

Question 4

When an animal or person experiences an event,they develop a mental representation of the experience.This is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) an associative link 
B) latent learning 
C) an expectancy 
D) a habit 
A) an associative link 
B) latent learning 
C) an expectancy 
D) a habit

Question 5

______ and ______ cells respond to locations in the physical environment.

Accepted Answer

A) marker; place 
B) marker; grid 
C) place; spatial 
D) place; grid 
A) marker; place 
B) marker; grid 
C) place; spatial 
D) place; grid

Question 6

An external attribution is the belief that internal characteristics cause the outcome.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

An animal or person's knowledge of the environment is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

A) perception 
B) sensation 
C) cognition 
D) conceptualization 
A) perception 
B) sensation 
C) cognition 
D) conceptualization

Question 8

Individuals learn that events occur independently of their behavior.For Seligman,the expectancy that these events are uncontrolled is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) expectancy depreciation 
B) learned helplessness 
C) pathological depression 
D) fate 
A) expectancy depreciation 
B) learned helplessness 
C) pathological depression 
D) fate

Question 9

The prototype of the concept is the object that has the greatest number of attributes in common with other members of the concept.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The following neurotransmitters have been implicated in learned helplessness: ______.

Accepted Answer

A) glutamate and norepinephrine 
B) dopamine and ketamine 
C) acetylcholine and glutamate 
D) norepinephrine and acetylcholine 
A) glutamate and norepinephrine 
B) dopamine and ketamine 
C) acetylcholine and glutamate 
D) norepinephrine and acetylcholine

Question 11

When a person believes they can or cannot execute a particular action,this is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A) situational contrast 
B) context specification 
C) ideation control 
D) efficacy expectation 
A) situational contrast 
B) context specification 
C) ideation control 
D) efficacy expectation

Question 12

For Tolman,expectations will transfer into behavior even if we are not motivated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

According to Dickinson,associative-link knowledge contains information about ______.

Accepted Answer

A) a response and reinforcement relationship learned on the basis of drive reduction 
B) knowledge of the contiguity between two events 
C) an irrelevant incentive effect 
D) a drive contingency learned on the basis of contiguity 
A) a response and reinforcement relationship learned on the basis of drive reduction 
B) knowledge of the contiguity between two events 
C) an irrelevant incentive effect 
D) a drive contingency learned on the basis of contiguity

Question 14

First define what is an expectancy.Then define the two types of expectancies.

Accepted Answer

An expectancy is a mental representation

Question 15

Results of Tolman's latent-learning experiments indicate that ______.

Accepted Answer

A) reward is required for learning to influence behavior 
B) learning does not require reward.However,for animals to perform what they have already learned,reward must be present 
C) most of what animals learn is hidden from view,and it is only when we remove rewards from a test situation that we are able to know what they have truly learned 
D) learning requires that rewards be provided when the correct response is made 
A) reward is required for learning to influence behavior 
B) learning does not require reward.However,for animals to perform what they have already learned,reward must be present 
C) most of what animals learn is hidden from view,and it is only when we remove rewards from a test situation that we are able to know what they have truly learned 
D) learning requires that rewards be provided when the correct response is made

Question 16

In the Tolman and Honzik's alternative path experiment,animals were placed in a maze where after several trials they found that one particular path (Path A)was the shortest to get food.The animals then proceed to always use Path A. After several additional trials,Path A was blocked and the animal needed to choose a different path.Which path did the animal choose?

Accepted Answer

A) the animal chose random paths to get to the food 
B) the animal chose Path B 
C) the animal chose Path C 
D) the animal stopped responding and did not go on any path 
A) the animal chose random paths to get to the food 
B) the animal chose Path B 
C) the animal chose Path C 
D) the animal stopped responding and did not go on any path

Question 17

Concepts can be learned by ______ about the attributes of the concept or about the rules defining the concept.

Accepted Answer

A) creating expectations 
B) testing hypotheses 
C) examining the situation 
D) generalizing 
A) creating expectations 
B) testing hypotheses 
C) examining the situation 
D) generalizing

Question 18

Damage to the ______ mediates the development of S-R habits.

Accepted Answer

A) amygdala 
B) dorsolateral striatum 
C) prefrontal cortex 
D) thalamus 
A) amygdala 
B) dorsolateral striatum 
C) prefrontal cortex 
D) thalamus

Question 19

Individuals expect rewards to occur in certain places,they then follow the path leading to that space.This is a statement ______ would make.

Accepted Answer

A) Hull 
B) Spence 
C) Tolman 
D) Carpenter 
A) Hull 
B) Spence 
C) Tolman 
D) Carpenter

Question 20

When a person takes an accounting exam and believes it is so difficult that no one could pass,this is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A) situational helplessness 
B) personal helplessness 
C) universal helplessness 
D) global helplessness 
A) situational helplessness 
B) personal helplessness 
C) universal helplessness 
D) global helplessness

Which of the following is a type of learned helplessness?

One major brain structure involved with learned helplessness is ______.

What is an attribution? Define the dimensions they are evaluated on and finally describe five types of attributions.

When an animal or person experiences an event,they develop a mental representation of the experience.This is called ______.

and cells respond to locations in the physical environment.

An external attribution is the belief that internal characteristics cause the outcome.

An animal or person's knowledge of the environment is referred to as ______.

Individuals learn that events occur independently of their behavior.For Seligman,the expectancy that these events are uncontrolled is called ______.

The prototype of the concept is the object that has the greatest number of attributes in common with other members of the concept.

The following neurotransmitters have been implicated in learned helplessness: ______.

When a person believes they can or cannot execute a particular action,this is called ______.

For Tolman,expectations will transfer into behavior even if we are not motivated.

According to Dickinson,associative-link knowledge contains information about ______.

First define what is an expectancy.Then define the two types of expectancies.

Results of Tolman's latent-learning experiments indicate that ______.

Concepts can be learned by ______ about the attributes of the concept or about the rules defining the concept.

Damage to the ______ mediates the development of S-R habits.

Individuals expect rewards to occur in certain places,they then follow the path leading to that space.This is a statement ______ would make.

When a person takes an accounting exam and believes it is so difficult that no one could pass,this is an example of ______.

An Introduction to Learning

The Modification of Instinctive Behavior

Principles and Applications of Pavlovian Conditioning

Theories of Pavlovian Conditioning

Principles and Applications of Appetitive Conditioning

Principles and Applications of Aversive Conditioning

Theories of Appetitive and Aversive Conditioning

Biological Influences on Learning

Traditional Learning Theories

Stimulus Control of Behavior

The Storage of Our Experiences

Memory Retrieval and Forgetting

Filters

Exam 11: Cognitive Control of Behavior

Which of the following is a type of learned helplessness?

One major brain structure involved with learned helplessness is ______.

What is an attribution? Define the dimensions they are evaluated on and finally describe five types of attributions.

When an animal or person experiences an event,they develop a mental representation of the experience.This is called ______.

______ and ______ cells respond to locations in the physical environment.

An external attribution is the belief that internal characteristics cause the outcome.

An animal or person's knowledge of the environment is referred to as ______.

Individuals learn that events occur independently of their behavior.For Seligman,the expectancy that these events are uncontrolled is called ______.

The prototype of the concept is the object that has the greatest number of attributes in common with other members of the concept.

The following neurotransmitters have been implicated in learned helplessness: ______.

When a person believes they can or cannot execute a particular action,this is called ______.

For Tolman,expectations will transfer into behavior even if we are not motivated.

According to Dickinson,associative-link knowledge contains information about ______.

First define what is an expectancy.Then define the two types of expectancies.

Results of Tolman's latent-learning experiments indicate that ______.

Concepts can be learned by ______ about the attributes of the concept or about the rules defining the concept.

Damage to the ______ mediates the development of S-R habits.

Individuals expect rewards to occur in certain places,they then follow the path leading to that space.This is a statement ______ would make.

When a person takes an accounting exam and believes it is so difficult that no one could pass,this is an example of ______.

An Introduction to Learning

The Modification of Instinctive Behavior

Principles and Applications of Pavlovian Conditioning

Theories of Pavlovian Conditioning

Principles and Applications of Appetitive Conditioning

Principles and Applications of Aversive Conditioning

Theories of Appetitive and Aversive Conditioning

Biological Influences on Learning

Traditional Learning Theories

Stimulus Control of Behavior

The Storage of Our Experiences

Memory Retrieval and Forgetting

Filters

and cells respond to locations in the physical environment.