Question 1

Cortisol binds to ________ receptors and has the effect of ________ blood glucose levels.

Accepted Answer

A)  intracellular; raising 
B)  intracellular; lowering 
C)  membrane-bound; raising 
D)  membrane-bound; lowering 
A)  intracellular; raising 
B)  intracellular; lowering 
C)  membrane-bound; raising 
D)  membrane-bound; lowering A

Question 2

Which is not a cell type found in the pancreatic islets?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alpha cell 
B)  Delta cell 
C)  Beta cell 
D)  F cell 
E)  C cell 
A)  Alpha cell 
B)  Delta cell 
C)  Beta cell 
D)  F cell 
E)  C cell E

Question 3

The hormones that come from the posterior pituitary

Accepted Answer

A)  are synthesized there and are released upon signals from the anterior pituitary. 
B)  are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive. 
C)  are synthesized in the anterior pituitary and are transported to and from the posterior pituitary by the primary and secondary plexus. 
D)  are synthesized in the posterior pituitary and released by the anterior pituitary by way of the hypophyseal portal system. 
A)  are synthesized there and are released upon signals from the anterior pituitary. 
B)  are synthesized in the hypothalamus and are released from the posterior pituitary when nerve signals arrive. 
C)  are synthesized in the anterior pituitary and are transported to and from the posterior pituitary by the primary and secondary plexus. 
D)  are synthesized in the posterior pituitary and released by the anterior pituitary by way of the hypophyseal portal system. B

Question 4

Glucagon and insulin work ________ on blood glucose levels.

Accepted Answer

A)  antagonistically 
B)  permissively 
C)  synergistically 
A)  antagonistically 
B)  permissively 
C)  synergistically

Question 5

Like all other hormone transport proteins, albumin is highly specific in terms of which hormone it carries through the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The disease called ________ is caused by excessive secretion of glucocorticoids, and is characterized by redistribution of body fat to produce characteristic features such as "moon face."

Accepted Answer

A)  Cushing syndrome 
B)  Addison disease 
C)  androgenital syndrome 
D)  pheochromocytoma 
E)  Graves disease 
A)  Cushing syndrome 
B)  Addison disease 
C)  androgenital syndrome 
D)  pheochromocytoma 
E)  Graves disease

Question 7

How does aging affect the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Secretory activity of endocrine glands decreases. 
B)  Normal levels of hormones, particularly growth hormone and sex hormones, often decrease. 
C)  Aging reduces the efficiency of endocrine system functions. 
D)  Endocrine system imbalances can lead to weight gain or muscle loss. 
E)  All of the choices are correct. 
A)  Secretory activity of endocrine glands decreases. 
B)  Normal levels of hormones, particularly growth hormone and sex hormones, often decrease. 
C)  Aging reduces the efficiency of endocrine system functions. 
D)  Endocrine system imbalances can lead to weight gain or muscle loss. 
E)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

During thyroid surgery, a surgeon mistakenly removes the parathyroid glands from his patient. Which of the following is a likely outcome in the patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood calcium levels will drop. 
B)  His kidneys will decrease the loss of calcium in the urine. 
C)  He will lose bone mass due to excessive bone erosion. 
D)  His blood sugar will increase. 
A)  Blood calcium levels will drop. 
B)  His kidneys will decrease the loss of calcium in the urine. 
C)  He will lose bone mass due to excessive bone erosion. 
D)  His blood sugar will increase.

Question 9

Which lobe of the pituitary is larger and secretes more hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anterior pituitary 
B)  Posterior pituitary 
A)  Anterior pituitary 
B)  Posterior pituitary

Question 10

The small, cone-shaped gland that is in the epithalamus of the brain is the ________ gland.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The small, cone-shaped gland that is in...

Question 11

The parathyroid glands are located

Accepted Answer

A)  just below the thalamus. 
B)  within the thymus. 
C)  above the kidneys. 
D)  anterior to the thyroid gland. 
E)  posterior to the thyroid gland. 
A)  just below the thalamus. 
B)  within the thymus. 
C)  above the kidneys. 
D)  anterior to the thyroid gland. 
E)  posterior to the thyroid gland.

Question 12

The word "cascade" can be defined as a series of small waterfalls, one leading to the next. Describe a specific second-messenger cascade that results from the series of chemical reactions (from one to the next) initiated by a hormone binding to its receptor.

Accepted Answer

One example is how glucagon works throug

Question 13

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) is one of the regulatory hormones released by the hypothalamus that acts on the pituitary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Autocrine hormone 
B)  Water-soluble hormone 
C)  Oligopeptide 
D)  Lipid-soluble hormone 
A)  Autocrine hormone 
B)  Water-soluble hormone 
C)  Oligopeptide 
D)  Lipid-soluble hormone

Question 15

Which is not true about the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

A)  It requires iodine to synthesize thyroid hormone. 
B)  It is located on the anterior surface of the trachea, inferior to the thyroid cartilage. 
C)  It has two lobes connected by a central portion called the commissure. 
D)  It secretes thyroid hormone in response to stimulation by TSH. 
E)  An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called a goiter. 
A)  It requires iodine to synthesize thyroid hormone. 
B)  It is located on the anterior surface of the trachea, inferior to the thyroid cartilage. 
C)  It has two lobes connected by a central portion called the commissure. 
D)  It secretes thyroid hormone in response to stimulation by TSH. 
E)  An enlargement of the thyroid gland is called a goiter.

Question 16

The pituitary gland is located ________ to the hypothalamus and is connected by the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  superior; thalamus 
B)  inferior; infundibulum 
C)  inferior; epithalamus 
D)  posterior; infundibulum 
A)  superior; thalamus 
B)  inferior; infundibulum 
C)  inferior; epithalamus 
D)  posterior; infundibulum

Question 17

Excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults can cause

Accepted Answer

A)  Graves disease. 
B)  acromegaly. 
C)  pituitary gigantism. 
D)  pituitary dwarfism. 
E)  Cushing syndrome. 
A)  Graves disease. 
B)  acromegaly. 
C)  pituitary gigantism. 
D)  pituitary dwarfism. 
E)  Cushing syndrome.

Question 18

The hormone that increases the rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver is

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  glucocorticoid. 
D)  somatostatin. 
E)  epinephrine. 
A)  insulin. 
B)  glucagon. 
C)  glucocorticoid. 
D)  somatostatin. 
E)  epinephrine.

Question 19

Which hormone induces its target cells to take up glucose, thereby lowering blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pancreatic polypeptide 
B)  Somatostatin 
C)  Glucagon 
D)  Insulin 
E)  Somatotropin 
A)  Pancreatic polypeptide 
B)  Somatostatin 
C)  Glucagon 
D)  Insulin 
E)  Somatotropin

Question 20

Increasing levels of cortisol inhibit the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 17: Endocrine System

Cortisol binds to ________ receptors and has the effect of ________ blood glucose levels.

Which is not a cell type found in the pancreatic islets?

The hormones that come from the posterior pituitary

Glucagon and insulin work ________ on blood glucose levels.

Like all other hormone transport proteins, albumin is highly specific in terms of which hormone it carries through the blood.

The disease called ________ is caused by excessive secretion of glucocorticoids, and is characterized by redistribution of body fat to produce characteristic features such as "moon face."

How does aging affect the endocrine system?

During thyroid surgery, a surgeon mistakenly removes the parathyroid glands from his patient. Which of the following is a likely outcome in the patient?

Which lobe of the pituitary is larger and secretes more hormones?

The small, cone-shaped gland that is in the epithalamus of the brain is the ________ gland.

The parathyroid glands are located

The word "cascade" can be defined as a series of small waterfalls, one leading to the next. Describe a specific second-messenger cascade that results from the series of chemical reactions (from one to the next) initiated by a hormone binding to its receptor.

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) is one of the regulatory hormones released by the hypothalamus that acts on the pituitary.

Which type of hormone requires a carrier protein in the blood?

Which is not true about the thyroid gland?

The pituitary gland is located ________ to the hypothalamus and is connected by the ________.

Excessive secretion of growth hormone in adults can cause

The hormone that increases the rate of glycogen breakdown and glucose release by the liver is

Which hormone induces its target cells to take up glucose, thereby lowering blood glucose levels?

Increasing levels of cortisol inhibit the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH).

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Cortisol binds to receptors and has the effect of blood glucose levels.

The pituitary gland is located to the hypothalamus and is connected by the .