Question 1

One noted characteristic of frontal-lobe damage is:

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of ability to plan and organize. 
B)  loss of conceptual understanding. 
C)  decrease in speed. 
D)  decrease in interconnections. 
A)  loss of ability to plan and organize. 
B)  loss of conceptual understanding. 
C)  decrease in speed. 
D)  decrease in interconnections.

Question 2

Which task is used to study task shifting in working memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  an N-back task 
B)  the Tower of Hanoi 
C)  the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 
D)  the Stroop task 
A)  an N-back task 
B)  the Tower of Hanoi 
C)  the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test 
D)  the Stroop task

Question 3

On short-term verbal memory tasks, people with slow rates of speech but normal intelligence perform:

Accepted Answer

A)  better than people of normal intelligence who speak at a normal rate. 
B)  worse than people of normal intelligence who speak at a normal rate. 
C)  about the same as people of normal intelligence who speak at a normal rate. 
D)  worse than people of normal intelligence who speak at a normal rate, but only if rehearsal is disrupted. 
A)  better than people of normal intelligence who speak at a normal rate. 
B)  worse than people of normal intelligence who speak at a normal rate. 
C)  about the same as people of normal intelligence who speak at a normal rate. 
D)  worse than people of normal intelligence who speak at a normal rate, but only if rehearsal is disrupted.

Question 4

Suppose one's boss catches him in the hallway and asks him to attend a meeting the next day. In order to remember the time and location of the meeting, he repeats it over and over to himself until he gets back to his office and can write it down in his schedule. In his rehearsal, he is using the:

Accepted Answer

A)  visuospatial sketchpad. 
B)  phonological loop. 
C)  long-term memory. 
D)  iconic memory. 
A)  visuospatial sketchpad. 
B)  phonological loop. 
C)  long-term memory. 
D)  iconic memory.

Question 5

Which task is an example of one that would activate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  rehearsing a phone number one just looked up 
B)  memorizing the definition of a new word by repeating it to oneself 
C)  remembering who told one about a major news event 
D)  remembering where one parked their car 
A)  rehearsing a phone number one just looked up 
B)  memorizing the definition of a new word by repeating it to oneself 
C)  remembering who told one about a major news event 
D)  remembering where one parked their car

Question 6

The _____ is involved in manipulation of information, while the _____ is involved in maintenance/rehearsal of information.

Accepted Answer

A)  ventrolateral PFC; dorsolateral PFC 
B)  dorsolateral PFC; ventrolateral PFC 
C)  dorsolateral PFC; posterior cortical areas 
D)  posterior cortical areas; ventrolateral PFC 
A)  ventrolateral PFC; dorsolateral PFC 
B)  dorsolateral PFC; ventrolateral PFC 
C)  dorsolateral PFC; posterior cortical areas 
D)  posterior cortical areas; ventrolateral PFC

Question 7

Neuroimaging studies of children with ADHD have shown that these children have a(n) _____prefrontal cortex region.

Accepted Answer

A)  enlarged right 
B)  enlarged left 
C)  smaller right 
D)  smaller left 
A)  enlarged right 
B)  enlarged left 
C)  smaller right 
D)  smaller left

Question 8

Functional imaging studies have shown that the _____ ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is activated during tasks that involve semantic processing, while the _____ ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is activated during tasks that involve phonological processing.

Accepted Answer

A)  right posterior; left anterior 
B)  left anterior; right posterior 
C)  left posterior; left anterior 
D)  left anterior; left posterior 
A)  right posterior; left anterior 
B)  left anterior; right posterior 
C)  left posterior; left anterior 
D)  left anterior; left posterior

Question 9

In people with schizophrenia, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is _____ and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  normal; dysfunctional 
B)  dysfunctional; normal 
C)  dysfunctional; dysfunctional 
D)  normal; normal 
A)  normal; dysfunctional 
B)  dysfunctional; normal 
C)  dysfunctional; dysfunctional 
D)  normal; normal

Question 10

The Stroop task demonstrates that:

Accepted Answer

A)  working memory is enhanced when information is in conflict. 
B)  working memory is impaired when information is in conflict. 
C)  reading is an attentional process. 
D)  reading is an automatic process. 
A)  working memory is enhanced when information is in conflict. 
B)  working memory is impaired when information is in conflict. 
C)  reading is an attentional process. 
D)  reading is an automatic process.

Question 11

Jackie is trying to balance her checkbook while at the same time helping her son with his homework. She works on her checkbook when she can, while also watching for signals that her son has finished a particular assignment; then she can stop working on her checkbook for a moment and help her son. The task her central executive is MOST concerned with in this example is:

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled updating of short-term memory buffers. 
B)  setting goals and planning. 
C)  stimulus selection and response inhibition. 
D)  task switching. 
A)  controlled updating of short-term memory buffers. 
B)  setting goals and planning. 
C)  stimulus selection and response inhibition. 
D)  task switching.

Question 12

Medications for ADHD work by:

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing the amount of glutamate. 
B)  increasing the amount of glutamate. 
C)  decreasing the amount of dopamine. 
D)  increasing the amount of dopamine. 
A)  decreasing the amount of glutamate. 
B)  increasing the amount of glutamate. 
C)  decreasing the amount of dopamine. 
D)  increasing the amount of dopamine.

Question 13

Which working-memory process occurs in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  the central executive 
B)  the phonological loop 
C)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
D)  both the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad 
A)  the central executive 
B)  the phonological loop 
C)  the visuospatial sketchpad 
D)  both the phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad

Question 14

Describe the working-memory impairments experienced by a person with ADHD. Which brain areas appear to be involved?

Accepted Answer

A person with ADHD has problems with pla

Question 15

The active maintenance and manipulation of short-term memory is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive control. 
B)  working memory. 
C)  sensory memory. 
D)  short-term memory. 
A)  cognitive control. 
B)  working memory. 
C)  sensory memory. 
D)  short-term memory.

Question 16

Elliot is a successful and happily married accountant who had always been viewed by others as reliable and responsible. He developed a large tumor that surgeons were able to remove. However, soon after the surgery, he divorced his wife, remarried and divorced again, lost touch with most of his friends and family, got involved in corrupt business deals, and was soon bankrupt. It's logical to say that Elliot's _____ was damaged by the tumor.

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebellum 
B)  frontal lobe 
C)  occipital lobe 
D)  parietal lobe 
A)  cerebellum 
B)  frontal lobe 
C)  occipital lobe 
D)  parietal lobe

Question 17

Larissa is visiting an amusement park. She moves from ride to ride skipping the ones with very long lines with the intent of returning later on. To make sure she gets on all the rides she wants to go on, she needs to keep track of which rides she's already been on and which ones she hasn't. The task her central executive is most concerned with in this example is:

Accepted Answer

A)  controlled updating of short-term memory buffers. 
B)  setting goals and planning. 
C)  task switching. 
D)  stimulus selection and response inhibition. 
A)  controlled updating of short-term memory buffers. 
B)  setting goals and planning. 
C)  task switching. 
D)  stimulus selection and response inhibition.

Question 18

Prefrontal neurons that fire during a delay period seem to encode:

Accepted Answer

A)  the prior location of a target. 
B)  both the prior location of a target and the motor movements needed to make a response. 
C)  the identity of a target. 
D)  both the identity of a target and the motor movements needed to make a response. 
A)  the prior location of a target. 
B)  both the prior location of a target and the motor movements needed to make a response. 
C)  the identity of a target. 
D)  both the identity of a target and the motor movements needed to make a response.

Question 19

In Brooks's task involving visualizing a block letter F, it was reasoned that:

Accepted Answer

A)  remembering the F used the visuospatial sketchpad, while making the response used the phonological loop. 
B)  remembering the F used the phonological loop, while making the response used the visuospatial sketchpad. 
C)  remembering the F and making the response both used the phonological loop. 
D)  remembering the F and making the response both used the visuospatial sketchpad. 
A)  remembering the F used the visuospatial sketchpad, while making the response used the phonological loop. 
B)  remembering the F used the phonological loop, while making the response used the visuospatial sketchpad. 
C)  remembering the F and making the response both used the phonological loop. 
D)  remembering the F and making the response both used the visuospatial sketchpad.

Question 20

Which system modifies behavior when the automatic responses are inappropriate and inhibit automatic routines in favor of more appropriate behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  supervisory attentional 
B)  stimulus selection 
C)  response inhibition 
D)  prioritization model 
A)  supervisory attentional 
B)  stimulus selection 
C)  response inhibition 
D)  prioritization model

One noted characteristic of frontal-lobe damage is:

Which task is used to study task shifting in working memory?

On short-term verbal memory tasks, people with slow rates of speech but normal intelligence perform:

Suppose one's boss catches him in the hallway and asks him to attend a meeting the next day. In order to remember the time and location of the meeting, he repeats it over and over to himself until he gets back to his office and can write it down in his schedule. In his rehearsal, he is using the:

Which task is an example of one that would activate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

The _ is involved in manipulation of information, while the _ is involved in maintenance/rehearsal of information.

Neuroimaging studies of children with ADHD have shown that these children have a(n) _____prefrontal cortex region.

Functional imaging studies have shown that the _ ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is activated during tasks that involve semantic processing, while the _ ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is activated during tasks that involve phonological processing.

In people with schizophrenia, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is _ and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is _.

The Stroop task demonstrates that:

Medications for ADHD work by:

Which working-memory process occurs in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex?

Describe the working-memory impairments experienced by a person with ADHD. Which brain areas appear to be involved?

The active maintenance and manipulation of short-term memory is known as:

Prefrontal neurons that fire during a delay period seem to encode:

In Brooks's task involving visualizing a block letter F, it was reasoned that:

Which system modifies behavior when the automatic responses are inappropriate and inhibit automatic routines in favor of more appropriate behaviors?

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 9: Working Memory and Cognitive Control

One noted characteristic of frontal-lobe damage is:

Which task is used to study task shifting in working memory?

On short-term verbal memory tasks, people with slow rates of speech but normal intelligence perform:

Suppose one's boss catches him in the hallway and asks him to attend a meeting the next day. In order to remember the time and location of the meeting, he repeats it over and over to himself until he gets back to his office and can write it down in his schedule. In his rehearsal, he is using the:

Which task is an example of one that would activate the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?

The _____ is involved in manipulation of information, while the _____ is involved in maintenance/rehearsal of information.

Neuroimaging studies of children with ADHD have shown that these children have a(n) _____prefrontal cortex region.

Functional imaging studies have shown that the _____ ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is activated during tasks that involve semantic processing, while the _____ ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is activated during tasks that involve phonological processing.

In people with schizophrenia, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is _____ and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is _____.

The Stroop task demonstrates that:

Medications for ADHD work by:

Which working-memory process occurs in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex?

Describe the working-memory impairments experienced by a person with ADHD. Which brain areas appear to be involved?

The active maintenance and manipulation of short-term memory is known as:

Prefrontal neurons that fire during a delay period seem to encode:

In Brooks's task involving visualizing a block letter F, it was reasoned that:

Which system modifies behavior when the automatic responses are inappropriate and inhibit automatic routines in favor of more appropriate behaviors?

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

The _ is involved in manipulation of information, while the _ is involved in maintenance/rehearsal of information.

Functional imaging studies have shown that the _ ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is activated during tasks that involve semantic processing, while the _ ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is activated during tasks that involve phonological processing.

In people with schizophrenia, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is _ and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex is _.