Question 1

If a generalization gradient were a flat horizontal line, it would mean that:

Accepted Answer

A)  very little generalization has occurred. 
B)  a lot of discrimination has occurred. 
C)  a lot of generalization has occurred. 
D)  both generalization and discrimination have occurred. 
A)  very little generalization has occurred. 
B)  a lot of discrimination has occurred. 
C)  a lot of generalization has occurred. 
D)  both generalization and discrimination have occurred.

Question 2

Describe the specific ways that generalization is affected in people with schizophrenia.

Accepted Answer

Discuss acquired-equivalence e

Question 3

The hippocampus and associated brain regions, including the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus, are known as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  amygdala. 
B)  hippocampal region. 
C)  parahippocampal region. 
D)  perirhinal cortex. 
A)  amygdala. 
B)  hippocampal region. 
C)  parahippocampal region. 
D)  perirhinal cortex.

Question 4

Gluck and Myers have proposed a model of the hippocampal region in which the hippocampus:

Accepted Answer

A)  compresses useful or predictive information. 
B)  expands redundant or unimportant information. 
C)  stores the stimulus-response associations that control motor outputs. 
D)  selects what information enters the memory and how it is to be encoded. 
A)  compresses useful or predictive information. 
B)  expands redundant or unimportant information. 
C)  stores the stimulus-response associations that control motor outputs. 
D)  selects what information enters the memory and how it is to be encoded.

Question 5

Dylan and Aaron both enjoy foreign films. If a person later learns that Dylan also enjoys riding dirt bikes, the person may infer that Aaron also enjoys riding dirt bikes. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  acquired equivalence. 
B)  sensory preconditioning. 
C)  discrimination training. 
D)  negative patterning. 
A)  acquired equivalence. 
B)  sensory preconditioning. 
C)  discrimination training. 
D)  negative patterning.

Question 6

In the peak shift effect, discrimination training results in a maximum response to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the nonrewarded stimulus. 
B)  the rewarded stimulus. 
C)  a stimulus value that is closer to the nonreinforced stimulus value. 
D)  a stimulus value that is far away from the nonreinforced stimulus value. 
A)  the nonrewarded stimulus. 
B)  the rewarded stimulus. 
C)  a stimulus value that is closer to the nonreinforced stimulus value. 
D)  a stimulus value that is far away from the nonreinforced stimulus value.

Question 7

If parents use training wheels to aid their child in learning to ride a two-wheeler, they have adopted a variation of _____ learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  consequential 
B)  discrimination 
C)  errorless discrimination 
D)  integral 
A)  consequential 
B)  discrimination 
C)  errorless discrimination 
D)  integral

Question 8

Suppose a dog is trained to salivate in response to a bell that lasts for three seconds. Draw a generalization gradient that the dog might experience in response to bells of other durations.

Accepted Answer

The plot should show the bell duration o

Question 9

Lucy was bitten by a small white dog and now she has a fear of all dogs, regardless of their size or color. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative patterning. 
B)  acquired equivalence. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  discrimination. 
A)  negative patterning. 
B)  acquired equivalence. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  discrimination.

Question 10

Suppose researchers train a dog to salivate in response to a 1000 Hz tone. They then test for generalization by presenting the 1000 Hz tone as well as tones of other pitches a distributed representation to the original tone and at least one of the other tones.

Accepted Answer

Diagrams should be similar to Figures 6.

Question 11

According to Spence, the peak-shift effect occurs because the:

Accepted Answer

A)  observed response is given by the difference between the excitatory and inhibitory generalization gradients. 
B)  organism ignores the excitatory generalization gradient. 
C)  organism ignores both the excitatory and the inhibitory generalization gradients. 
D)  observed response is given by the inhibitory generalization gradient. 
A)  observed response is given by the difference between the excitatory and inhibitory generalization gradients. 
B)  organism ignores the excitatory generalization gradient. 
C)  organism ignores both the excitatory and the inhibitory generalization gradients. 
D)  observed response is given by the inhibitory generalization gradient.

Question 12

Discuss the evidence demonstrating cortical plasticity in A1. Explain what the results imply about the relationship between the stimulus and the consequences.

Accepted Answer

Discuss A1 neurons changing their best f

Question 13

Howard can tell from the way his baby cries whether she is hungry, needs changing, is sick, or is tired. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  generalization. 
B)  discrimination. 
C)  sensory preconditioning. 
D)  negative patterning. 
A)  generalization. 
B)  discrimination. 
C)  sensory preconditioning. 
D)  negative patterning.

Question 14

If one uses a red light and a blue light as stimuli in a negative-patterning task, one would reward responding:

Accepted Answer

A)  to one light but not the other. 
B)  only when both lights are on at the same time. 
C)  only to a purple light. 
D)  to either light alone but not when both are on at the same time. 
A)  to one light but not the other. 
B)  only when both lights are on at the same time. 
C)  only to a purple light. 
D)  to either light alone but not when both are on at the same time.

Question 15

Aidan plays well with his brother and with his sister, but, when Aidan tries to play with both of them together, the three of them just end up arguing. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  discrimination training. 
B)  negative patterning. 
C)  sensory preconditioning. 
D)  acquired equivalence. 
A)  discrimination training. 
B)  negative patterning. 
C)  sensory preconditioning. 
D)  acquired equivalence.

Question 16

As a child, Hunter had a favorite pet, a black furry cat that made him very happy. Based on the concept of a generalization gradient, which type of cat would be MOST likely to make Hunter happy now?

Accepted Answer

A)  a dark gray cat 
B)  a yellow cat 
C)  a white cat 
D)  a calico cat 
A)  a dark gray cat 
B)  a yellow cat 
C)  a white cat 
D)  a calico cat

Question 17

According to the text, the compound exposure in phase 1 establishes an association between the tone and light. In phase 2, the light becomes associated with the air puff, and this learning is directly transferred to the tone, too. This is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  similarity-based generalization. 
B)  meaning-based generalization. 
C)  acquired equivalence. 
D)  stimulus generalization. 
A)  similarity-based generalization. 
B)  meaning-based generalization. 
C)  acquired equivalence. 
D)  stimulus generalization.

If a generalization gradient were a flat horizontal line, it would mean that:

Describe the specific ways that generalization is affected in people with schizophrenia.

The hippocampus and associated brain regions, including the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus, are known as the:

Gluck and Myers have proposed a model of the hippocampal region in which the hippocampus:

Dylan and Aaron both enjoy foreign films. If a person later learns that Dylan also enjoys riding dirt bikes, the person may infer that Aaron also enjoys riding dirt bikes. This is an example of:

In the peak shift effect, discrimination training results in a maximum response to:

If parents use training wheels to aid their child in learning to ride a two-wheeler, they have adopted a variation of _____ learning.

Suppose a dog is trained to salivate in response to a bell that lasts for three seconds. Draw a generalization gradient that the dog might experience in response to bells of other durations.

Lucy was bitten by a small white dog and now she has a fear of all dogs, regardless of their size or color. This is an example of:

Suppose researchers train a dog to salivate in response to a 1000 Hz tone. They then test for generalization by presenting the 1000 Hz tone as well as tones of other pitches a distributed representation to the original tone and at least one of the other tones.

According to Spence, the peak-shift effect occurs because the:

Discuss the evidence demonstrating cortical plasticity in A1. Explain what the results imply about the relationship between the stimulus and the consequences.

Howard can tell from the way his baby cries whether she is hungry, needs changing, is sick, or is tired. This is an example of:

If one uses a red light and a blue light as stimuli in a negative-patterning task, one would reward responding:

Aidan plays well with his brother and with his sister, but, when Aidan tries to play with both of them together, the three of them just end up arguing. This is an example of:

As a child, Hunter had a favorite pet, a black furry cat that made him very happy. Based on the concept of a generalization gradient, which type of cat would be MOST likely to make Hunter happy now?

According to the text, the compound exposure in phase 1 establishes an association between the tone and light. In phase 2, the light becomes associated with the air puff, and this learning is directly transferred to the tone, too. This is referred to as:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 6: Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

If a generalization gradient were a flat horizontal line, it would mean that:

Describe the specific ways that generalization is affected in people with schizophrenia.

The hippocampus and associated brain regions, including the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus, are known as the:

Gluck and Myers have proposed a model of the hippocampal region in which the hippocampus:

Dylan and Aaron both enjoy foreign films. If a person later learns that Dylan also enjoys riding dirt bikes, the person may infer that Aaron also enjoys riding dirt bikes. This is an example of:

In the peak shift effect, discrimination training results in a maximum response to:

If parents use training wheels to aid their child in learning to ride a two-wheeler, they have adopted a variation of _____ learning.

Suppose a dog is trained to salivate in response to a bell that lasts for three seconds. Draw a generalization gradient that the dog might experience in response to bells of other durations.

Lucy was bitten by a small white dog and now she has a fear of all dogs, regardless of their size or color. This is an example of:

Suppose researchers train a dog to salivate in response to a 1000 Hz tone. They then test for generalization by presenting the 1000 Hz tone as well as tones of other pitches a distributed representation to the original tone and at least one of the other tones.

According to Spence, the peak-shift effect occurs because the:

Discuss the evidence demonstrating cortical plasticity in A1. Explain what the results imply about the relationship between the stimulus and the consequences.

Howard can tell from the way his baby cries whether she is hungry, needs changing, is sick, or is tired. This is an example of:

If one uses a red light and a blue light as stimuli in a negative-patterning task, one would reward responding:

Aidan plays well with his brother and with his sister, but, when Aidan tries to play with both of them together, the three of them just end up arguing. This is an example of:

As a child, Hunter had a favorite pet, a black furry cat that made him very happy. Based on the concept of a generalization gradient, which type of cat would be MOST likely to make Hunter happy now?

According to the text, the compound exposure in phase 1 establishes an association between the tone and light. In phase 2, the light becomes associated with the air puff, and this learning is directly transferred to the tone, too. This is referred to as:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters