Question 1

In negative patterning, the connection from a configural node to the output node is given a:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative weight that cancels the weights from the individual cues, leading to no response to the compound stimulus. 
B)  negative weight that cancels the weights from the individual cues, leading to an increased response to the compound stimulus. 
C)  weight of 0, leading to no response to the compound stimulus. 
D)  weight of 0, leading to an increased response to the compound stimulus. 
A)  negative weight that cancels the weights from the individual cues, leading to no response to the compound stimulus. 
B)  negative weight that cancels the weights from the individual cues, leading to an increased response to the compound stimulus. 
C)  weight of 0, leading to no response to the compound stimulus. 
D)  weight of 0, leading to an increased response to the compound stimulus.

Question 2

One solution to the problem of combinatorial explosion is to design a network in which:

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no internal representation layer. 
B)  nodes in the internal layer can be designated as configural nodes as needed. 
C)  the weights between the input nodes and the internal layer are fixed weights. 
D)  the weights between the output nodes and the internal layer are fixed weights. 
A)  there is no internal representation layer. 
B)  nodes in the internal layer can be designated as configural nodes as needed. 
C)  the weights between the input nodes and the internal layer are fixed weights. 
D)  the weights between the output nodes and the internal layer are fixed weights.

Question 3

The process by which one learns about new categories usually based on common features is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative patterning. 
B)  acquired equivalence. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  concept formation. 
A)  negative patterning. 
B)  acquired equivalence. 
C)  generalization. 
D)  concept formation.

Question 4

Explain how stereotyping is related to the concept of generalization.

Accepted Answer

Draw parallels between the two concepts

Question 5

What is combinatorial explosion? Why is it a problem in categorization learning?

Accepted Answer

Describe the problem

Question 6

In the network model, each stimulus activates an input node that is connected by a layer of fixed weights to several nodes. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus sampling theory. 
B)  internal representation. 
C)  the connectionist model. 
D)  distributed representation. 
A)  stimulus sampling theory. 
B)  internal representation. 
C)  the connectionist model. 
D)  distributed representation.

Question 7

_____ is a set of beliefs about the attributes of the members of a group.

Accepted Answer

A)  Discrimination 
B)  Stereotype 
C)  Confirmation bias 
D)  Racism 
A)  Discrimination 
B)  Stereotype 
C)  Confirmation bias 
D)  Racism

Question 8

Compared with the generalization gradient that is observed when no discrimination training is given, the generalization gradient that is observed after discrimination training is:

Accepted Answer

A)  shallower. 
B)  steeper. 
C)  the same. 
D)  shallower or steeper, depending on the stimulus. 
A)  shallower. 
B)  steeper. 
C)  the same. 
D)  shallower or steeper, depending on the stimulus.

Question 9

Lesions to the hippocampus lead to:

Accepted Answer

A)  impaired performance on sensory preconditioning tasks but not on acquired equivalence tasks. 
B)  impaired performance on acquired equivalence tasks but not on sensory preconditioning tasks. 
C)  impaired performance on both acquired equivalence and sensory preconditioning tasks. 
D)  normal performance on both acquired equivalence and sensory preconditioning tasks. 
A)  impaired performance on sensory preconditioning tasks but not on acquired equivalence tasks. 
B)  impaired performance on acquired equivalence tasks but not on sensory preconditioning tasks. 
C)  impaired performance on both acquired equivalence and sensory preconditioning tasks. 
D)  normal performance on both acquired equivalence and sensory preconditioning tasks.

Question 10

Give an example from everyday life that demonstrates acquired equivalence.

Accepted Answer

Example from the textbook-if one learns

Question 11

A training procedure in which difficult discrimination is learned by starting with an easy version of the task and proceeding to incrementally harder versions as the easier ones are mastered is referred to as _____ learning.

Accepted Answer

A)  consequential 
B)  discrimination 
C)  errorless discrimination 
D)  integral 
A)  consequential 
B)  discrimination 
C)  errorless discrimination 
D)  integral

Question 12

Discuss the evidence suggesting that the hippocampus is important for generalization.

Accepted Answer

Discuss disruption o

Question 13

The different sensory cortices receive information about:

Accepted Answer

A)  whether a salient event has occurred. 
B)  the other sensory modalities. 
C)  the nature of an important consequence. 
D)  the type of response to make. 
A)  whether a salient event has occurred. 
B)  the other sensory modalities. 
C)  the nature of an important consequence. 
D)  the type of response to make.

Question 14

Which statement is TRUE regarding the primary sensory cortices?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a specific cortical region dedicated to processing information from each sensory modality. 
B)  Each region of the cortex responds preferentially to a particular type of stimulus. 
C)  Neighboring cortical regions respond to similar stimuli. 
D)  All of the statements are true. 
A)  There is a specific cortical region dedicated to processing information from each sensory modality. 
B)  Each region of the cortex responds preferentially to a particular type of stimulus. 
C)  Neighboring cortical regions respond to similar stimuli. 
D)  All of the statements are true.

Question 15

It is obvious that all criminals have mothers. However, it is untrue that people who have mothers are criminals. This is an example of what type of reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  inductive inference 
B)  natural categories 
C)  negative patterning 
D)  inverse reasoning 
A)  inductive inference 
B)  natural categories 
C)  negative patterning 
D)  inverse reasoning

Question 16

Chloe learned that babies who cry a lot also have trouble sleeping. When she later learned that babies who have trouble sleeping tend to be highly intelligent, she inferred that babies who cry a lot are also highly intelligent. This relationship is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  acquired equivalence. 
B)  sensory preconditioning. 
C)  discrimination training. 
D)  negative patterning. 
A)  acquired equivalence. 
B)  sensory preconditioning. 
C)  discrimination training. 
D)  negative patterning.

Question 17

The primary sensory cortices are involved in determining:

Accepted Answer

A)  which stimuli deserve expanded cortical representation. 
B)  what consequence has occurred following a response. 
C)  what information has been received in other sensory modalities. 
D)  what type of behavioral response should be made to a stimulus. 
A)  which stimuli deserve expanded cortical representation. 
B)  what consequence has occurred following a response. 
C)  what information has been received in other sensory modalities. 
D)  what type of behavioral response should be made to a stimulus.

Question 18

In a topographic representation:

Accepted Answer

A)  each possible stimulus is represented by its own unique node. 
B)  stimuli are represented by overlapping pools of nodes. 
C)  neighboring cortical regions respond to similar stimuli. 
D)  weights are changed according to the Rescorla-Wagner rule. 
A)  each possible stimulus is represented by its own unique node. 
B)  stimuli are represented by overlapping pools of nodes. 
C)  neighboring cortical regions respond to similar stimuli. 
D)  weights are changed according to the Rescorla-Wagner rule.

Question 19

On an acquired-equivalence task, people with schizophrenia:

Accepted Answer

A)  perform as well as controls but take more time. 
B)  cannot perform any part of the task. 
C)  perform normally only in the third phase. 
D)  can learn the initial discrimination but cannot generalize in the third phase. 
A)  perform as well as controls but take more time. 
B)  cannot perform any part of the task. 
C)  perform normally only in the third phase. 
D)  can learn the initial discrimination but cannot generalize in the third phase.

Question 20

The medial surface of the temporal lobe that contains the hippocampus, the amygdala, and other structures important for memory is referred to as the:

Accepted Answer

A)  medial temporal lobe. 
B)  hippocampal region. 
C)  parahippocampal region. 
D)  perirhinal cortex. 
A)  medial temporal lobe. 
B)  hippocampal region. 
C)  parahippocampal region. 
D)  perirhinal cortex.

In negative patterning, the connection from a configural node to the output node is given a:

One solution to the problem of combinatorial explosion is to design a network in which:

The process by which one learns about new categories usually based on common features is known as:

Explain how stereotyping is related to the concept of generalization.

What is combinatorial explosion? Why is it a problem in categorization learning?

In the network model, each stimulus activates an input node that is connected by a layer of fixed weights to several nodes. This is known as:

_____ is a set of beliefs about the attributes of the members of a group.

Compared with the generalization gradient that is observed when no discrimination training is given, the generalization gradient that is observed after discrimination training is:

Lesions to the hippocampus lead to:

Give an example from everyday life that demonstrates acquired equivalence.

A training procedure in which difficult discrimination is learned by starting with an easy version of the task and proceeding to incrementally harder versions as the easier ones are mastered is referred to as _____ learning.

Discuss the evidence suggesting that the hippocampus is important for generalization.

The different sensory cortices receive information about:

Which statement is TRUE regarding the primary sensory cortices?

It is obvious that all criminals have mothers. However, it is untrue that people who have mothers are criminals. This is an example of what type of reasoning?

Chloe learned that babies who cry a lot also have trouble sleeping. When she later learned that babies who have trouble sleeping tend to be highly intelligent, she inferred that babies who cry a lot are also highly intelligent. This relationship is an example of:

The primary sensory cortices are involved in determining:

In a topographic representation:

On an acquired-equivalence task, people with schizophrenia:

The medial surface of the temporal lobe that contains the hippocampus, the amygdala, and other structures important for memory is referred to as the:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

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Exam 6: Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

In negative patterning, the connection from a configural node to the output node is given a:

One solution to the problem of combinatorial explosion is to design a network in which:

The process by which one learns about new categories usually based on common features is known as:

Explain how stereotyping is related to the concept of generalization.

What is combinatorial explosion? Why is it a problem in categorization learning?

In the network model, each stimulus activates an input node that is connected by a layer of fixed weights to several nodes. This is known as:

_____ is a set of beliefs about the attributes of the members of a group.

Compared with the generalization gradient that is observed when no discrimination training is given, the generalization gradient that is observed after discrimination training is:

Lesions to the hippocampus lead to:

Give an example from everyday life that demonstrates acquired equivalence.

A training procedure in which difficult discrimination is learned by starting with an easy version of the task and proceeding to incrementally harder versions as the easier ones are mastered is referred to as _____ learning.

Discuss the evidence suggesting that the hippocampus is important for generalization.

The different sensory cortices receive information about:

Which statement is TRUE regarding the primary sensory cortices?

It is obvious that all criminals have mothers. However, it is untrue that people who have mothers are criminals. This is an example of what type of reasoning?

Chloe learned that babies who cry a lot also have trouble sleeping. When she later learned that babies who have trouble sleeping tend to be highly intelligent, she inferred that babies who cry a lot are also highly intelligent. This relationship is an example of:

The primary sensory cortices are involved in determining:

In a topographic representation:

On an acquired-equivalence task, people with schizophrenia:

The medial surface of the temporal lobe that contains the hippocampus, the amygdala, and other structures important for memory is referred to as the:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Operant Conditioning:

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters