Question 1

Why is dopamine believed to be involved in reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dopamine release is triggered by primary and secondary reinforcers. 
B)  It leads to activity in brain areas known as the dopaminergic region. 
C)  It leads to extinction. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  Dopamine release is triggered by primary and secondary reinforcers. 
B)  It leads to activity in brain areas known as the dopaminergic region. 
C)  It leads to extinction. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 2

Which statement is TRUE about shaping?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a difficult and time-consuming process. 
B)  It has not yet been successfully used for modifying human behavior. 
C)  It is a good way to train an animal very quickly. 
D)  It involves giving bigger rewards as one gets closer to making the correct response. 
A)  It is a difficult and time-consuming process. 
B)  It has not yet been successfully used for modifying human behavior. 
C)  It is a good way to train an animal very quickly. 
D)  It involves giving bigger rewards as one gets closer to making the correct response.

Question 3

The process of providing consequences for a behavior that decreases the probability of that behavior is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement. 
B)  punishment. 
C)  discrete-trial learning. 
D)  free-operant learning. 
A)  reinforcement. 
B)  punishment. 
C)  discrete-trial learning. 
D)  free-operant learning.

Question 4

Drugs that block opioid receptors:

Accepted Answer

A)  have been shown to be ineffective in treating addictions. 
B)  have been shown to be effective for the short-term treatment of addictions. 
C)  seem to be effective for treating behavioral addictions but not drug addictions. 
D)  seem to be effective for treating drug addictions but not behavioral addictions. 
A)  have been shown to be ineffective in treating addictions. 
B)  have been shown to be effective for the short-term treatment of addictions. 
C)  seem to be effective for treating behavioral addictions but not drug addictions. 
D)  seem to be effective for treating drug addictions but not behavioral addictions.

Question 5

Cocaine and amphetamine work by:

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the levels of endogenous opioids. 
B)  decreasing the levels of endogenous opioids. 
C)  increasing the levels of dopamine. 
D)  decreasing the levels of dopamine. 
A)  increasing the levels of endogenous opioids. 
B)  decreasing the levels of endogenous opioids. 
C)  increasing the levels of dopamine. 
D)  decreasing the levels of dopamine.

Question 6

Swatting a dog with a newspaper would be _____ of the behavior of chewing up one's favorite socks.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment

Question 7

According to the law of effect, which circumstance would lead to a weakening of the association between stimulus and response?

Accepted Answer

A)  giving candy to a whining child 
B)  grounding a teenager for staying out too late 
C)  giving a child $1 for doing well on a spelling test 
D)  taking a painkiller to get rid of a headache 
A)  giving candy to a whining child 
B)  grounding a teenager for staying out too late 
C)  giving a child $1 for doing well on a spelling test 
D)  taking a painkiller to get rid of a headache

Question 8

Which region in the brain contains the dopamine-producing neurons that project to the frontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  the nueral cortex 
B)  the orbitofrontal cortex 
C)  the substantia nigra pars compacta 
D)  the ventral tegmental area 
A)  the nueral cortex 
B)  the orbitofrontal cortex 
C)  the substantia nigra pars compacta 
D)  the ventral tegmental area

Question 9

If one has just finished eating one's favorite meal, then that meal will probably have _____ hedonic value and _____ motivational value.

Accepted Answer

A)  high; low 
B)  low; high 
C)  high; high 
D)  low; low 
A)  high; low 
B)  low; high 
C)  high; high 
D)  low; low

Question 10

Using an umbrella when it rains allows one to escape from getting wet. In this case, the stimulus is _____, the response is _____, and the outcome is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the rain; using an umbrella; staying dry 
B)  staying dry; rain; using an umbrella 
C)  using an umbrella; rain; staying dry 
D)  rain; staying dry; using an umbrella 
A)  the rain; using an umbrella; staying dry 
B)  staying dry; rain; using an umbrella 
C)  using an umbrella; rain; staying dry 
D)  rain; staying dry; using an umbrella

Question 11

Suppose a man has his driver's license revoked due to several unpaid traffic tickets. The taking away of his license would be _____ of the man's behavior of not paying tickets.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment

Question 12

If one buys lottery tickets, one may win on average every 15 times one plays. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval 
A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval

Question 13

A man would be considered to have a pathological addiction to alcohol if he:

Accepted Answer

A)  drinks more than four drinks a day. 
B)  suffers from a medical condition caused by his alcohol use. 
C)  is caught driving under the influence of alcohol. 
D)  regularly gets drunk with his friends on weekends. 
A)  drinks more than four drinks a day. 
B)  suffers from a medical condition caused by his alcohol use. 
C)  is caught driving under the influence of alcohol. 
D)  regularly gets drunk with his friends on weekends.

Question 14

If one has been reading for hours and the idea of taking a break to clean the room sounds very attractive, one is exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

A)  chaining. 
B)  the Premack principle. 
C)  response deprivation. 
D)  classical conditioning. 
A)  chaining. 
B)  the Premack principle. 
C)  response deprivation. 
D)  classical conditioning.

Question 15

If it rains, opening the umbrella keeps one from getting wet. Escaping from getting wet would be _____ of the behavior of opening the umbrella.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment 
A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  positive punishment 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  negative punishment

Question 16

Which is an example of a behavioral addiction?

Accepted Answer

A)  addiction to exercise 
B)  addiction to alcohol 
C)  addiction to cocaine 
D)  addiction to caffeine 
A)  addiction to exercise 
B)  addiction to alcohol 
C)  addiction to cocaine 
D)  addiction to caffeine

Question 17

Increasing dopamine appears to:

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease how much one wants something but not how much one likes it. 
B)  decrease how much one likes something but not how much one wants it. 
C)  increase how much one wants something but not how much one likes it. 
D)  increase how much one likes something but not how much one wants it. 
A)  decrease how much one wants something but not how much one likes it. 
B)  decrease how much one likes something but not how much one wants it. 
C)  increase how much one wants something but not how much one likes it. 
D)  increase how much one likes something but not how much one wants it.

Question 18

In humans, through the use of PET and f/MRI, increased activity can be seen in dopamine target sites such as the striatum. What triggers this activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  video games 
B)  cocaine 
C)  both video games and cocaine 
D)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  video games 
B)  cocaine 
C)  both video games and cocaine 
D)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 19

Indicate which schedule of partial reinforcement (FR, VR, FI, or VI) is being used in the following example: A soccer player makes a goal on average of every 20 attempts. Explain the selected choice.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is VR. The reinforcem

Question 20

The orbitofrontal cortex is particularly important for learning:

Accepted Answer

A)  automatic S-R associations. 
B)  to predict the outcomes of behaviors. 
C)  R-O associations. 
D)  the hedonic value of a stimulus. 
A)  automatic S-R associations. 
B)  to predict the outcomes of behaviors. 
C)  R-O associations. 
D)  the hedonic value of a stimulus.

Why is dopamine believed to be involved in reinforcement?

Which statement is TRUE about shaping?

The process of providing consequences for a behavior that decreases the probability of that behavior is called:

Drugs that block opioid receptors:

Cocaine and amphetamine work by:

Swatting a dog with a newspaper would be _____ of the behavior of chewing up one's favorite socks.

According to the law of effect, which circumstance would lead to a weakening of the association between stimulus and response?

Which region in the brain contains the dopamine-producing neurons that project to the frontal cortex?

If one has just finished eating one's favorite meal, then that meal will probably have _ hedonic value and _ motivational value.

Using an umbrella when it rains allows one to escape from getting wet. In this case, the stimulus is ___, the response is _, and the outcome is ___.

Suppose a man has his driver's license revoked due to several unpaid traffic tickets. The taking away of his license would be _____ of the man's behavior of not paying tickets.

If one buys lottery tickets, one may win on average every 15 times one plays. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

A man would be considered to have a pathological addiction to alcohol if he:

If one has been reading for hours and the idea of taking a break to clean the room sounds very attractive, one is exhibiting:

If it rains, opening the umbrella keeps one from getting wet. Escaping from getting wet would be _____ of the behavior of opening the umbrella.

Which is an example of a behavioral addiction?

Increasing dopamine appears to:

In humans, through the use of PET and f/MRI, increased activity can be seen in dopamine target sites such as the striatum. What triggers this activity?

Indicate which schedule of partial reinforcement (FR, VR, FI, or VI) is being used in the following example: A soccer player makes a goal on average of every 20 attempts. Explain the selected choice.

The orbitofrontal cortex is particularly important for learning:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 5: Operant Conditioning:

Why is dopamine believed to be involved in reinforcement?

Which statement is TRUE about shaping?

The process of providing consequences for a behavior that decreases the probability of that behavior is called:

Drugs that block opioid receptors:

Cocaine and amphetamine work by:

Swatting a dog with a newspaper would be _____ of the behavior of chewing up one's favorite socks.

According to the law of effect, which circumstance would lead to a weakening of the association between stimulus and response?

Which region in the brain contains the dopamine-producing neurons that project to the frontal cortex?

If one has just finished eating one's favorite meal, then that meal will probably have _____ hedonic value and _____ motivational value.

Using an umbrella when it rains allows one to escape from getting wet. In this case, the stimulus is _____, the response is _____, and the outcome is _____.

Suppose a man has his driver's license revoked due to several unpaid traffic tickets. The taking away of his license would be _____ of the man's behavior of not paying tickets.

If one buys lottery tickets, one may win on average every 15 times one plays. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

A man would be considered to have a pathological addiction to alcohol if he:

If one has been reading for hours and the idea of taking a break to clean the room sounds very attractive, one is exhibiting:

If it rains, opening the umbrella keeps one from getting wet. Escaping from getting wet would be _____ of the behavior of opening the umbrella.

Which is an example of a behavioral addiction?

Increasing dopamine appears to:

In humans, through the use of PET and f/MRI, increased activity can be seen in dopamine target sites such as the striatum. What triggers this activity?

Indicate which schedule of partial reinforcement (FR, VR, FI, or VI) is being used in the following example: A soccer player makes a goal on average of every 20 attempts. Explain the selected choice.

The orbitofrontal cortex is particularly important for learning:

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

If one has just finished eating one's favorite meal, then that meal will probably have _ hedonic value and _ motivational value.

Using an umbrella when it rains allows one to escape from getting wet. In this case, the stimulus is ___, the response is _, and the outcome is ___.