Question 1

A child is given a gold star every time she gets an "A" on a test. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  partial reinforcement. 
B)  a fixed-interval schedule. 
C)  continuous reinforcement. 
D)  a variable-interval schedule. 
A)  partial reinforcement. 
B)  a fixed-interval schedule. 
C)  continuous reinforcement. 
D)  a variable-interval schedule.

Question 2

In rats, dopamine is released from the VTA/SNc is triggered by encounters with:

Accepted Answer

A)  food. 
B)  sex. 
C)  secondary reinforcers. 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  food. 
B)  sex. 
C)  secondary reinforcers. 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 3

Carlita used to get nervous whenever she has to travel by airplane. Recently, her friend taught Carlita some deep-breathing techniques to help her relax. Carlita tried them out and felt much better when she next flew. Now, she always does deep breathing exercises before she flies. Is this an example of classical or operant conditioning? Explain.

Accepted Answer

This is operant conditioning.

Question 4

Chaining involves _____, whereas shaping involves _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement; punishment 
B)  punishment; reinforcement 
C)  reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior; training individual components of a complex response 
D)  training individual components of a complex response; reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior 
A)  reinforcement; punishment 
B)  punishment; reinforcement 
C)  reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior; training individual components of a complex response 
D)  training individual components of a complex response; reinforcing successive approximations to a desired behavior

Question 5

Discriminative stimuli are:

Accepted Answer

A)  successive approximations to a desired response. 
B)  stimuli that signal whether a particular response will lead to a particular outcome. 
C)  outcomes that increase the probability of a behavior. 
D)  outcomes that decrease the probability of a behavior. 
A)  successive approximations to a desired response. 
B)  stimuli that signal whether a particular response will lead to a particular outcome. 
C)  outcomes that increase the probability of a behavior. 
D)  outcomes that decrease the probability of a behavior.

Question 6

Suppose a teenager spends more time talking on the phone than doing her homework. According to the Premack principle, how could her parents get their daughter to do her homework more often?

Accepted Answer

There are two possibilities: (

Question 7

Explain how operant conditioning is different from classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

In operant conditioning the ou

Question 8

What neurotransmitter is damaged in individuals suffering from Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine 
B)  seratonin 
C)  striatum 
D)  endorphins 
A)  dopamine 
B)  seratonin 
C)  striatum 
D)  endorphins

Question 9

Describe how positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement play a role in drug addiction.

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement equals the high f

Question 10

If an organism expects its favorite reinforcer but receives a less-preferred reinforcer, the phenomenon of _____ predicts that the organism may respond less than if it had received that less-preferred reinforcer at the start.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative contrast 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  negative behavior 
D)  negative correlation 
A)  negative contrast 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  negative behavior 
D)  negative correlation

Question 11

According to the law of effect, Thorndike's cats learned to escape the puzzle box because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  learned the correct sequence of responses that led to a desirable outcome. 
B)  instinctively knew how to escape. 
C)  acquired an understanding of what they needed to do in order to escape. 
D)  learned the correct sequence of responses by watching other cats escape from similar boxes. 
A)  learned the correct sequence of responses that led to a desirable outcome. 
B)  instinctively knew how to escape. 
C)  acquired an understanding of what they needed to do in order to escape. 
D)  learned the correct sequence of responses by watching other cats escape from similar boxes.

Question 12

Suppose one has a friend who drinks alcohol. How would one determine whether her drinking is just a bad habit and not a pathological addiction?

Accepted Answer

Give examples of behaviors that would qu

Question 13

According to the Premack principle, if a child would rather wash dishes than do homework:

Accepted Answer

A)  homework could be used as a reward for washing dishes. 
B)  washing dishes could be used as a reward for doing homework. 
C)  the child's desire to do homework will be increased by restricting access to washing dishes. 
D)  the child's desire to do dishes will be increased by restricting access to doing homework. 
A)  homework could be used as a reward for washing dishes. 
B)  washing dishes could be used as a reward for doing homework. 
C)  the child's desire to do homework will be increased by restricting access to washing dishes. 
D)  the child's desire to do dishes will be increased by restricting access to doing homework.

Question 14

The dorsal striatum seems to be especially important for learning:

Accepted Answer

A)  whether an outcome is pleasant or unpleasant. 
B)  the identity of an expected outcome. 
C)  R-O associations. 
D)  S-R associations. 
A)  whether an outcome is pleasant or unpleasant. 
B)  the identity of an expected outcome. 
C)  R-O associations. 
D)  S-R associations.

Question 15

The dorsal striatum seems to be particularly important for learning which association(s) in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  S-R 
B)  R-O 
C)  S-O 
D)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  S-R 
B)  R-O 
C)  S-O 
D)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 16

Andrea is trying to stop biting her nails. Whenever she gets the urge to bite her nails, she forces herself to count to 100 before giving in to her urge. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  distancing. 
C)  reinforcement of alternative behaviors. 
D)  delayed reinforcement. 
A)  extinction. 
B)  distancing. 
C)  reinforcement of alternative behaviors. 
D)  delayed reinforcement.

Question 17

Suppose one wants to stop the bad habit of eating too much chocolate. Describe how one could do this using: (1) distancing, (2) reinforcement of alternative behaviors, and (3) delayed reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

(1) Distancing: stay away from places wh

Question 18

What is the role of the dorsal striatum in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support the claim.

Accepted Answer

Role-it is important for learning S-R as

Question 19

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only primary reinforcers trigger dopamine release in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra pars compacta. 
B)  Animals will continue to work for electrical brain stimulation if dopamine transmission is blocked. 
C)  Dopamine seems to be involved in liking, rather than wanting, a reinforcer. 
D)  A trained animal will reduce its response rate if dopamine transmission is blocked. 
A)  Only primary reinforcers trigger dopamine release in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra pars compacta. 
B)  Animals will continue to work for electrical brain stimulation if dopamine transmission is blocked. 
C)  Dopamine seems to be involved in liking, rather than wanting, a reinforcer. 
D)  A trained animal will reduce its response rate if dopamine transmission is blocked.

Question 20

A student watches for shooting stars on a clear night and sees one approximately every 2 minutes. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval 
A)  fixed-ratio 
B)  fixed-interval 
C)  variable-ratio 
D)  variable-interval

A child is given a gold star every time she gets an "A" on a test. This is an example of:

In rats, dopamine is released from the VTA/SNc is triggered by encounters with:

Chaining involves _, whereas shaping involves _.

Discriminative stimuli are:

Suppose a teenager spends more time talking on the phone than doing her homework. According to the Premack principle, how could her parents get their daughter to do her homework more often?

Explain how operant conditioning is different from classical conditioning.

What neurotransmitter is damaged in individuals suffering from Parkinson's disease?

Describe how positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement play a role in drug addiction.

If an organism expects its favorite reinforcer but receives a less-preferred reinforcer, the phenomenon of _____ predicts that the organism may respond less than if it had received that less-preferred reinforcer at the start.

According to the law of effect, Thorndike's cats learned to escape the puzzle box because they:

Suppose one has a friend who drinks alcohol. How would one determine whether her drinking is just a bad habit and not a pathological addiction?

According to the Premack principle, if a child would rather wash dishes than do homework:

The dorsal striatum seems to be especially important for learning:

The dorsal striatum seems to be particularly important for learning which association(s) in operant conditioning?

Andrea is trying to stop biting her nails. Whenever she gets the urge to bite her nails, she forces herself to count to 100 before giving in to her urge. This is an example of:

Suppose one wants to stop the bad habit of eating too much chocolate. Describe how one could do this using: (1) distancing, (2) reinforcement of alternative behaviors, and (3) delayed reinforcement.

What is the role of the dorsal striatum in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support the claim.

Which statement is TRUE?

A student watches for shooting stars on a clear night and sees one approximately every 2 minutes. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Exam 5: Operant Conditioning:

A child is given a gold star every time she gets an "A" on a test. This is an example of:

In rats, dopamine is released from the VTA/SNc is triggered by encounters with:

Chaining involves _____, whereas shaping involves _____.

Discriminative stimuli are:

Suppose a teenager spends more time talking on the phone than doing her homework. According to the Premack principle, how could her parents get their daughter to do her homework more often?

Explain how operant conditioning is different from classical conditioning.

What neurotransmitter is damaged in individuals suffering from Parkinson's disease?

Describe how positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement play a role in drug addiction.

If an organism expects its favorite reinforcer but receives a less-preferred reinforcer, the phenomenon of _____ predicts that the organism may respond less than if it had received that less-preferred reinforcer at the start.

According to the law of effect, Thorndike's cats learned to escape the puzzle box because they:

Suppose one has a friend who drinks alcohol. How would one determine whether her drinking is just a bad habit and not a pathological addiction?

According to the Premack principle, if a child would rather wash dishes than do homework:

The dorsal striatum seems to be especially important for learning:

The dorsal striatum seems to be particularly important for learning which association(s) in operant conditioning?

Andrea is trying to stop biting her nails. Whenever she gets the urge to bite her nails, she forces herself to count to 100 before giving in to her urge. This is an example of:

Suppose one wants to stop the bad habit of eating too much chocolate. Describe how one could do this using: (1) distancing, (2) reinforcement of alternative behaviors, and (3) delayed reinforcement.

What is the role of the dorsal striatum in operant conditioning? Discuss one piece of evidence to support the claim.

Which statement is TRUE?

A student watches for shooting stars on a clear night and sees one approximately every 2 minutes. This is an example of a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Fundamental Themes in the Psychology of Learning and Memory

The Neuroscience of Learning and Memory

Habituation, Sensitization, and Familiarization:

Classical Conditioning:

Generalization, Discrimination Learning, and Concept Formation

Episodic and Semantic Memory:

Skill Memory:

Working Memory and Cognitive Control

Emotional Influences on Learning and Memory

Social Learning and Memory:

Development and Aging:learning and Memory Across the Lifespan

Filters

Chaining involves _, whereas shaping involves _.