Question 1

The various types of chlorophyll differ in the

Accepted Answer

A)  wavelengths of light they absorb. 
B)  amount of oxygen they utilize. 
C)  amount of ATP they produce. 
D)  number of electrons they release. 
E)  amount of light they can absorb. 
A)  wavelengths of light they absorb. 
B)  amount of oxygen they utilize. 
C)  amount of ATP they produce. 
D)  number of electrons they release. 
E)  amount of light they can absorb.

Question 2

A (photosystem/thylakoid/grana) is a collection of pigments such as chlorophyll that are used to absorb light in the light- dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A (photosystem/thylakoid/grana) is a collection of pigments...

Question 3

Chemical reactions that can proceed toward either anabolism or catabolism are called

Accepted Answer

A)  light- independent. 
B)  cyclic. 
C)  glycolytic. 
D)  synthetic. 
E)  amphibolic. 
A)  light- independent. 
B)  cyclic. 
C)  glycolytic. 
D)  synthetic. 
E)  amphibolic.

Question 4

During the synthesis of acetyl- CoA from pyruvic acid, is produced.

Accepted Answer

A)  FADH2 
B)  acetic acid 
C)  H2O 
D)  ATP 
E)  NADH 
A)  FADH2 
B)  acetic acid 
C)  H2O 
D)  ATP 
E)  NADH

Question 5

Which of the following statements concerning glycolysis is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It produces ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. 
B)  It is an alternative to fermentation. 
C)  It both requires the input of ATP and produces ATP. 
D)  It occurs in the cell membranes of bacteria. 
E)  It involves ribulose 5- phosphate as an intermediate. 
A)  It produces ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. 
B)  It is an alternative to fermentation. 
C)  It both requires the input of ATP and produces ATP. 
D)  It occurs in the cell membranes of bacteria. 
E)  It involves ribulose 5- phosphate as an intermediate.

Question 6

What is the purpose of the light- dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  production of ATP and NADPH 
B)  production of ATP and NADH 
C)  production of oxygen 
D)  regeneration of NAD+ 
E)  carbon fixation 
A)  production of ATP and NADPH 
B)  production of ATP and NADH 
C)  production of oxygen 
D)  regeneration of NAD+ 
E)  carbon fixation

Question 7

All of the following are aspects of a cell's ability to regulate its metabolism EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis or degradation of membrane transport proteins. 
B)  synthesis of a catabolic enzyme only when its substrate is available. 
C)  use of the most energy- efficient energy source available. 
D)  use of the same coenzymes for anabolic and catabolic reactions that share substrate molecules. 
E)  isolation of various enzymes within membranous organelles. 
A)  synthesis or degradation of membrane transport proteins. 
B)  synthesis of a catabolic enzyme only when its substrate is available. 
C)  use of the most energy- efficient energy source available. 
D)  use of the same coenzymes for anabolic and catabolic reactions that share substrate molecules. 
E)  isolation of various enzymes within membranous organelles.

Question 8

Photosystems are assembled in

Accepted Answer

A)  thylakoids. 
B)  grana. 
C)  cytochromes. 
D)  cristae. 
E)  stroma. 
A)  thylakoids. 
B)  grana. 
C)  cytochromes. 
D)  cristae. 
E)  stroma.

Question 9

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by lowering the (activation/reaction) energy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by...

Question 10

Explain why the ATP yield from processes such as cellular respiration is generally given as a theoretical number.

Accepted Answer

The maximum yield of ATP from a single m

Question 11

How many ATP molecules can theoretically be produced from the NADH generated by the catabolism of a molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  38 
B)  4 
C)  30 
D)  36 
E)  34 
A)  38 
B)  4 
C)  30 
D)  36 
E)  34

Question 12

Although glycolysis requires an input of ATP, this pathway results in a net gain of two ATP; therefore it is a(n) pathway.

Accepted Answer

A)  neither exergonic nor endergonic 
B)  exergonic 
C)  oxidative 
D)  endergonic 
E)  reductive 
A)  neither exergonic nor endergonic 
B)  exergonic 
C)  oxidative 
D)  endergonic 
E)  reductive

Question 13

The conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl- CoA can be described as _ , because a molecule of CO2 is produced as a by- product.

Accepted Answer

A)  amination 
B)  phosphorylation 
C)  respiration 
D)  oxidation 
E)  decarboxylation 
A)  amination 
B)  phosphorylation 
C)  respiration 
D)  oxidation 
E)  decarboxylation

Question 14

The conversion of phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP) to pyruvic acid results in the production of an ATP. This reaction is an example of (substrate- level/oxidative) phosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The conversion of phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP)...

Question 15

Which of the following statements concerning cellular metabolism is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP is used in the formation of macromolecules. 
B)  Energy obtained from nutrients or light is stored in the bonds of ATP. 
C)  The goal of metabolism is reproduction of the organism. 
D)  Enzymes are used in both catabolic and anabolic reactions. 
E)  Macromolecules are converted into cell structures via catabolism. 
A)  ATP is used in the formation of macromolecules. 
B)  Energy obtained from nutrients or light is stored in the bonds of ATP. 
C)  The goal of metabolism is reproduction of the organism. 
D)  Enzymes are used in both catabolic and anabolic reactions. 
E)  Macromolecules are converted into cell structures via catabolism.

Question 16

A(n) (oxidation/reduction/transport) reaction is one in which a molecule accepts an electron.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) (oxidation/reduction/transport) reaction is one in which...

Question 17

Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be denatured if the pH of their environment is too high or too low. 
B)  They are usually, but not always, proteins. 
C)  They form a temporary intermediate compound with a substrate. 
D)  They can be used to catalyze a chemical reaction over and over again. 
E)  They always function best at 37°C. 
A)  They can be denatured if the pH of their environment is too high or too low. 
B)  They are usually, but not always, proteins. 
C)  They form a temporary intermediate compound with a substrate. 
D)  They can be used to catalyze a chemical reaction over and over again. 
E)  They always function best at 37°C.

Question 18

The discussion of carbohydrate catabolism includes some of the many metabolic variations microbes are capable of. Devise a set of biochemical tests to identify the Gram- negative bacteria mentioned. Assume you can detect various organic compounds. Prepare a dichotomous key of your identification scheme.

Accepted Answer

Many answers are possible. The following

Question 19

A catabolic process which occurs in eukaryotic mitochondria is

Accepted Answer

A)  Calvin- Benson cycle. 
B)  Entner- Doudoroff pathway. 
C)  deamination. 
D)  fermentation. 
E)  beta- oxidation. 
A)  Calvin- Benson cycle. 
B)  Entner- Doudoroff pathway. 
C)  deamination. 
D)  fermentation. 
E)  beta- oxidation.

Question 20

Discuss the interrelationships between anabolic and catabolic pathways. Provide specific examples in your answer.

Accepted Answer

Catabolic pathways generate the energy r

Exam 5: Microbial Metabolism

The various types of chlorophyll differ in the

A (photosystem/thylakoid/grana) is a collection of pigments such as chlorophyll that are used to absorb light in the light- dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Chemical reactions that can proceed toward either anabolism or catabolism are called

During the synthesis of acetyl- CoA from pyruvic acid, is produced.

Which of the following statements concerning glycolysis is TRUE?

What is the purpose of the light- dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

All of the following are aspects of a cell's ability to regulate its metabolism EXCEPT

Photosystems are assembled in

Enzymes increase the rate of reaction by lowering the (activation/reaction) energy.

Explain why the ATP yield from processes such as cellular respiration is generally given as a theoretical number.

How many ATP molecules can theoretically be produced from the NADH generated by the catabolism of a molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration?

Although glycolysis requires an input of ATP, this pathway results in a net gain of two ATP; therefore it is a(n) pathway.

The conversion of pyruvic acid to acetyl- CoA can be described as _ , because a molecule of CO2 is produced as a by- product.

The conversion of phosphoenol pyruvic acid (PEP) to pyruvic acid results in the production of an ATP. This reaction is an example of (substrate- level/oxidative) phosphorylation.

Which of the following statements concerning cellular metabolism is FALSE?

A(n) (oxidation/reduction/transport) reaction is one in which a molecule accepts an electron.

Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is FALSE?

A catabolic process which occurs in eukaryotic mitochondria is

Discuss the interrelationships between anabolic and catabolic pathways. Provide specific examples in your answer.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Disease, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic Dna Viruses

Pathogenic Rna Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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