Question 1

Which of the following is a fermentation product useful in the manufacture of cheese?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetic acid 
B)  ammonia 
C)  pyruvic acid 
D)  lactic acid 
E)  ethanol 
A)  acetic acid 
B)  ammonia 
C)  pyruvic acid 
D)  lactic acid 
E)  ethanol

Question 2

All of the following are forms of oxidation EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate level phosphorylation. 
B)  gain of an oxygen atom and its electrons. 
C)  loss of an electron. 
D)  a dehydrogenation event. 
E)  loss of hydrogen atom. 
A)  substrate level phosphorylation. 
B)  gain of an oxygen atom and its electrons. 
C)  loss of an electron. 
D)  a dehydrogenation event. 
E)  loss of hydrogen atom.

Question 3

Waste products such as sulfur are produced by (oxygenic/anoxygenic/aerobic) photosynthetic bacteria as they obtain electrons for noncyclic photophosphorylation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Waste products such as sulfur are produced...

Question 4

Which of the following statements concerning reduction reactions is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  A molecule gains a hydrogen atom. 
B)  An electron acceptor becomes more positively charged. 
C)  An electron acceptor gains an electron. 
D)  They are coupled with oxidation reactions. 
E)  They frequently involve electron carrier molecules. 
A)  A molecule gains a hydrogen atom. 
B)  An electron acceptor becomes more positively charged. 
C)  An electron acceptor gains an electron. 
D)  They are coupled with oxidation reactions. 
E)  They frequently involve electron carrier molecules.

Question 5

Identify the processes of glucose metabolism represented in Figure 5- 1.

Accepted Answer

A)  A = glycolysis, B = fermentation, C = Krebs cycle, D = electron transport chain. 
B)  A = glycolysis, B = Krebs cycle, C = fermentation, D = electron transport chain 
C)  A = fermentation, B = glycolysis, C = Krebs cycle, D = electron transport chain 
D)  A = glycolysis, B = Krebs cycle, C = electron transport chain, D = fermentation. 
E)  A = electron transport chain, B = Krebs cycle, C = glycolysis, D = fermentation 
A)  A = glycolysis, B = fermentation, C = Krebs cycle, D = electron transport chain. 
B)  A = glycolysis, B = Krebs cycle, C = fermentation, D = electron transport chain 
C)  A = fermentation, B = glycolysis, C = Krebs cycle, D = electron transport chain 
D)  A = glycolysis, B = Krebs cycle, C = electron transport chain, D = fermentation. 
E)  A = electron transport chain, B = Krebs cycle, C = glycolysis, D = fermentation

Question 6

Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be synthesized by an organism and so must be provided as nutrients.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to (pyruvic/acetic/lactic) acid, a molecule that can be used in either fermentation or respiration pathways.

Accepted Answer

The answer of During glycolysis, glucose is converted to (pyruvic/acetic/lactic)...

Question 8

Laboratory fermentation tests often include a pH indicator because many bacteria produce (CO2/bases/acids) as they ferment carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Laboratory fermentation tests often include a pH...

Question 9

Which of the following produces NADPH?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Entner- Doudoroff pathway only 
B)  the pentose phosphate pathway only 
C)  the Embden- Meyerhof pathway only 
D)  both the Embden- Meyerhof and Entner- Doudoroff pathways 
E)  both the pentose phosphate and Entner- Doudoroff pathways 
A)  the Entner- Doudoroff pathway only 
B)  the pentose phosphate pathway only 
C)  the Embden- Meyerhof pathway only 
D)  both the Embden- Meyerhof and Entner- Doudoroff pathways 
E)  both the pentose phosphate and Entner- Doudoroff pathways

Question 10

Significant amounts of the NADPH required for the Calvin- Benson cycle are produced during the (cyclic/noncyclic) photophosphorylation reactions of photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Significant amounts of the NADPH required for...

Question 11

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the structure and function of enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enzymes can function at a wide range of pH. 
B)  Competitive inhibition of an enzyme occurs when an inhibitor binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme. 
C)  An apoenzyme is a combination of a cofactor bound to a holoenzyme. 
D)  All enzymes bind cofactors necessary for their function. 
E)  After an enzyme has catalyzed a reaction, it resumes its original shape and can interact with a new substrate molecule. 
A)  Enzymes can function at a wide range of pH. 
B)  Competitive inhibition of an enzyme occurs when an inhibitor binds to an allosteric site on the enzyme. 
C)  An apoenzyme is a combination of a cofactor bound to a holoenzyme. 
D)  All enzymes bind cofactors necessary for their function. 
E)  After an enzyme has catalyzed a reaction, it resumes its original shape and can interact with a new substrate molecule.

Question 12

Reactions that are both catabolic and anabolic are amphibolic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is a non- protein carrier found in some electron transport chains?

Accepted Answer

A)  ribozymes 
B)  metal- containing proteins 
C)  flavoproteins 
D)  ubiquinones 
E)  cytochromes 
A)  ribozymes 
B)  metal- containing proteins 
C)  flavoproteins 
D)  ubiquinones 
E)  cytochromes

Question 14

The pentose phosphate pathway generates all the necessary precursors for nucleotide biosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Anaerobic respiration involves the use of molecules other than oxygen as the final electron (acceptor/donor) in an electron transport chain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Anaerobic respiration involves the use of molecules...

Question 16

Another term for a protein catalyst is a(n) (enzyme/ribozyme).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Another term for a protein catalyst is...

Question 17

Light energy is used to fuel the assembly of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates in the process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation. 
B)  fermentation. 
C)  chemiosmosis. 
D)  photosynthesis. 
E)  gluconeogenesis. 
A)  oxidation. 
B)  fermentation. 
C)  chemiosmosis. 
D)  photosynthesis. 
E)  gluconeogenesis.

Question 18

During reactions catalyzed by oxidoreductases an electron donor is

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced. 
B)  degraded. 
C)  synthesized. 
D)  unaltered. 
E)  oxidized. 
A)  reduced. 
B)  degraded. 
C)  synthesized. 
D)  unaltered. 
E)  oxidized.

Question 19

Isomerases catalyze reactions in which

Accepted Answer

A)  biomolecules are broken down into their component parts. 
B)  groups are transferred from one molecule to another. 
C)  biomolecules are oxidized or reduced. 
D)  atoms in biomolecules are rearranged. 
E)  biomolecules are assembled from smaller molecules. 
A)  biomolecules are broken down into their component parts. 
B)  groups are transferred from one molecule to another. 
C)  biomolecules are oxidized or reduced. 
D)  atoms in biomolecules are rearranged. 
E)  biomolecules are assembled from smaller molecules.

Question 20

When a noncompetitive inhibitor molecule binds to an (active/allosteric) site on an enzyme, the shape of the active site changes so that the substrate molecules can no longer bind.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a noncompetitive inhibitor molecule binds to...

Exam 5: Microbial Metabolism

Which of the following is a fermentation product useful in the manufacture of cheese?

All of the following are forms of oxidation EXCEPT

Waste products such as sulfur are produced by (oxygenic/anoxygenic/aerobic) photosynthetic bacteria as they obtain electrons for noncyclic photophosphorylation.

Which of the following statements concerning reduction reactions is FALSE?

Identify the processes of glucose metabolism represented in Figure 5- 1.

Essential amino acids are amino acids that cannot be synthesized by an organism and so must be provided as nutrients.

During glycolysis, glucose is converted to (pyruvic/acetic/lactic) acid, a molecule that can be used in either fermentation or respiration pathways.

Laboratory fermentation tests often include a pH indicator because many bacteria produce (CO2/bases/acids) as they ferment carbohydrates.

Which of the following produces NADPH?

Significant amounts of the NADPH required for the Calvin- Benson cycle are produced during the (cyclic/noncyclic) photophosphorylation reactions of photosynthesis.

Which of the following is TRUE concerning the structure and function of enzymes?

Reactions that are both catabolic and anabolic are amphibolic.

Which of the following is a non- protein carrier found in some electron transport chains?

The pentose phosphate pathway generates all the necessary precursors for nucleotide biosynthesis.

Anaerobic respiration involves the use of molecules other than oxygen as the final electron (acceptor/donor) in an electron transport chain.

Another term for a protein catalyst is a(n) (enzyme/ribozyme).

Light energy is used to fuel the assembly of carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates in the process known as

During reactions catalyzed by oxidoreductases an electron donor is

Isomerases catalyze reactions in which

When a noncompetitive inhibitor molecule binds to an (active/allosteric) site on an enzyme, the shape of the active site changes so that the substrate molecules can no longer bind.

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Disease, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic Dna Viruses

Pathogenic Rna Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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