Question 1

During an infection with Listeria, an intracellular bacterium, APCs will present antigen on MHC II molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Vaccination triggers an immune response which produces immunity.

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial passive 
B)  natural active 
C)  natural passive 
D)  artificial active 
E)  both active and passive 
A)  artificial passive 
B)  natural active 
C)  natural passive 
D)  artificial active 
E)  both active and passive

Question 3

Which of the following is correct concerning interleukin 4 (IL- 4)?

Accepted Answer

A)  It stimulates phagocytes. 
B)  It is needed for B lymphocyte activation and differentiation. 
C)  It ensures production of enough leukocytes. 
D)  Virally infected cells produce it. 
E)  It is a chemotactic factor for leukocytes. 
A)  It stimulates phagocytes. 
B)  It is needed for B lymphocyte activation and differentiation. 
C)  It ensures production of enough leukocytes. 
D)  Virally infected cells produce it. 
E)  It is a chemotactic factor for leukocytes.

Question 4

B lymphocytes can bind directly to large antigens with repeating polysaccharide subunits, such as a bacterial capsule that has antigenic determinants known as T- independent (receptors/antigens).

Accepted Answer

The answer of B lymphocytes can bind directly to large...

Question 5

A variety of molecular components of the adaptive immune system bind epitopes (antigenic determinants). Compare and contrast the binding of epitopes by antibody molecules, T cell receptors (TCRs), and MHC molecules, and describe the consequences of the different interactions.

Accepted Answer

Antibody molecules produced by B lymphoc

Question 6

The Fc portion of an antibody is formed by

Accepted Answer

A)  the variable regions of the heavy chains. 
B)  one heavy chain. 
C)  portions of both of the heavy chains only. 
D)  the light chains only. 
E)  the variable regions of the light chains. 
A)  the variable regions of the heavy chains. 
B)  one heavy chain. 
C)  portions of both of the heavy chains only. 
D)  the light chains only. 
E)  the variable regions of the light chains.

Question 7

Which of the following is true of chemokines?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are involved in B lymphocyte activation and differentiation. 
B)  They ensure production of enough leukocytes. 
C)  They are chemotactic factors for leukocytes. 
D)  They are substances used to signal between leukocytes. 
E)  They cause basophils and eosinophils to degranulate. 
A)  They are involved in B lymphocyte activation and differentiation. 
B)  They ensure production of enough leukocytes. 
C)  They are chemotactic factors for leukocytes. 
D)  They are substances used to signal between leukocytes. 
E)  They cause basophils and eosinophils to degranulate.

Question 8

Describe the mechanisms of action of antibodies.

Accepted Answer

Antibodies act against foreign antigens

Question 9

The white blood cells primarily responsible for adaptive immunity are

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophages and neutrophils. 
B)  neutrophils and dendritic cells. 
C)  NK lymphocytes and neutrophils. 
D)  macrophages and eosinophils. 
E)  B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. 
A)  macrophages and neutrophils. 
B)  neutrophils and dendritic cells. 
C)  NK lymphocytes and neutrophils. 
D)  macrophages and eosinophils. 
E)  B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes.

Question 10

Which of the following statements concerning specific immunity is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the body's ability to respond to specific invading pathogens. 
B)  It is the third line of defense. 
C)  It is acquired. 
D)  It has memory. 
E)  It changes little with repeated exposure to the same pathogen. 
A)  It is the body's ability to respond to specific invading pathogens. 
B)  It is the third line of defense. 
C)  It is acquired. 
D)  It has memory. 
E)  It changes little with repeated exposure to the same pathogen.

Question 11

An antigen produced by a pathogen while living inside a cell is known as an (auto- /endogenous/exogenous) antigen.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An antigen produced by a pathogen while...

Question 12

Large accumulations of unactivated self- tolerant lymphocytes conducting surveillance for specific antigenic determinants are found in

Accepted Answer

A)  the MALT, lymph nodes, and thymus. 
B)  the MALT and lymph nodes. 
C)  the thymus. 
D)  the MALT. 
E)  lymph nodes. 
A)  the MALT, lymph nodes, and thymus. 
B)  the MALT and lymph nodes. 
C)  the thymus. 
D)  the MALT. 
E)  lymph nodes.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about lymphocytes is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The glycoproteins on the surface of a lymphocyte are designated with the prefix CD, for "cluster of differentiation." 
B)  Once they are mature, they migrate to secondary lymphoid organs. 
C)  B and T lymphocytes can be differentiated under the microscope. 
D)  Lymphocytes have different types of CD molecules in their cytoplasmic membranes. 
E)  Lymphocytes have integral surface proteins by which they can be recognized. 
A)  The glycoproteins on the surface of a lymphocyte are designated with the prefix CD, for "cluster of differentiation." 
B)  Once they are mature, they migrate to secondary lymphoid organs. 
C)  B and T lymphocytes can be differentiated under the microscope. 
D)  Lymphocytes have different types of CD molecules in their cytoplasmic membranes. 
E)  Lymphocytes have integral surface proteins by which they can be recognized.

Question 14

The (constant/end/variable) regions from the light and heavy chains of an antibody combine to form antigen- binding sites.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The (constant/end/variable) regions from the light and...

Question 15

A sick child may have influenza or RSV. These virus infections have different treatment options, so the physician requests antibody titer tests. The results are as follows: anti- influenza antibodies are primarily IgM, and anti- RSV antibodies are all IgA and IgG. Which of the following is the most appropriate interpretation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The results do not provide sufficient data to draw a conclusion. 
B)  The child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV. 
C)  The child has a current RSV infection and was previously exposed to influenza. 
D)  The child has concurrent influenza and RSV infections. 
E)  The child has neither influenza nor RSV. 
A)  The results do not provide sufficient data to draw a conclusion. 
B)  The child currently has influenza and has previously been exposed to RSV. 
C)  The child has a current RSV infection and was previously exposed to influenza. 
D)  The child has concurrent influenza and RSV infections. 
E)  The child has neither influenza nor RSV.

Question 16

Which of the following is the function of gamma interferon (INF- y)?

Accepted Answer

A)  activates and differentiates B lymphocytes 
B)  ensures production of enough leukocytes 
C)  activates complement 
D)  causes basophils and eosinophils to degranulate 
E)  stimulates phagocytes 
A)  activates and differentiates B lymphocytes 
B)  ensures production of enough leukocytes 
C)  activates complement 
D)  causes basophils and eosinophils to degranulate 
E)  stimulates phagocytes

Question 17

Which of the following statements concerning plasma cells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They live for many years and function as memory cells. 
B)  They are descended from activated T cells. 
C)  They secrete a variety of antibody molecules specific for multiple epitopes. 
D)  The antibodies they produce can remain in circulation for years. 
E)  They can produce large quantities of antibodies on a daily basis. 
A)  They live for many years and function as memory cells. 
B)  They are descended from activated T cells. 
C)  They secrete a variety of antibody molecules specific for multiple epitopes. 
D)  The antibodies they produce can remain in circulation for years. 
E)  They can produce large quantities of antibodies on a daily basis.

Question 18

An APC presents antigen to an unactivated T lymphocyte on an MHC I molecule and secretes IL- 12 at the same time. As a result the T lymphocyte differentiates into a (Th1/Th2/Tr) lymphocyte.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An APC presents antigen to an unactivated...

Question 19

Professional antigen- presenting cells (APCs) include B cells, macrophages, and (dendritic/plasma/T) cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Professional antigen- presenting cells (APCs) include B...

Question 20

What will be the direct result of the interaction shown in this figure? (This interaction is occurring in a lymph node.)

Accepted Answer

A)  clonal deletion of a T lymphocyte 
B)  activation of a helper T lymphocyte 
C)  activation of a B lymphocyte 
D)  activation of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte 
E)  clonal deletion of a B lymphocyte 
A)  clonal deletion of a T lymphocyte 
B)  activation of a helper T lymphocyte 
C)  activation of a B lymphocyte 
D)  activation of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte 
E)  clonal deletion of a B lymphocyte

Exam 16: Adaptive Immunity

During an infection with Listeria, an intracellular bacterium, APCs will present antigen on MHC II molecules.

Vaccination triggers an immune response which produces immunity.

Which of the following is correct concerning interleukin 4 (IL- 4)?

B lymphocytes can bind directly to large antigens with repeating polysaccharide subunits, such as a bacterial capsule that has antigenic determinants known as T- independent (receptors/antigens).

A variety of molecular components of the adaptive immune system bind epitopes (antigenic determinants). Compare and contrast the binding of epitopes by antibody molecules, T cell receptors (TCRs), and MHC molecules, and describe the consequences of the different interactions.

The Fc portion of an antibody is formed by

Which of the following is true of chemokines?

Describe the mechanisms of action of antibodies.

The white blood cells primarily responsible for adaptive immunity are

Which of the following statements concerning specific immunity is FALSE?

An antigen produced by a pathogen while living inside a cell is known as an (auto- /endogenous/exogenous) antigen.

Large accumulations of unactivated self- tolerant lymphocytes conducting surveillance for specific antigenic determinants are found in

Which of the following statements about lymphocytes is FALSE?

The (constant/end/variable) regions from the light and heavy chains of an antibody combine to form antigen- binding sites.

Which of the following is the function of gamma interferon (INF- y)?

Which of the following statements concerning plasma cells is TRUE?

An APC presents antigen to an unactivated T lymphocyte on an MHC I molecule and secretes IL- 12 at the same time. As a result the T lymphocyte differentiates into a (Th1/Th2/Tr) lymphocyte.

Professional antigen- presenting cells (APCs) include B cells, macrophages, and (dendritic/plasma/T) cells.

What will be the direct result of the interaction shown in this figure? (This interaction is occurring in a lymph node.)

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Disease, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Immune Disorders

Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria

Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli

Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios

Pathogenic Fungi

Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors

Pathogenic Dna Viruses

Pathogenic Rna Viruses

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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