Exam 11: The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

Which of the following is indicative of the relative release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla?

Describe the synaptic junctions between the neurons of the autonomic and somatic nervous systems and their effector organs.

What is the correct order for the steps of synaptic transmission at the motor end plate? 1. Acetylcholine binds to postsynaptic receptors. 2) Acetylcholine is released by exocytosis. 3) A graded depolarization is produced. 4) An action potential is produced on the muscle cell membrane. 5) Channels that primarily allow diffusion of sodium are opened. 6) Voltage -dependent calcium channels on the plasma membrane open. 7) An action potential arrives at the axon terminal.

Norepinephrine is one of the more important neurotransmitters of the peripheral nervous system. Identify the branches of the peripheral nervous system for which norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter and describe the receptors responsible for responding to norepinephrine. Include the mechanisms whereby these receptors transduce the response to norepinephrine.

Students who suffer from test anxiety often have some of the following symptoms: the need for frequent urination, dilated pupils, and a dry mouth. What branch of the autonomic nervous system would cause these symptoms?

Postganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system release neurotransmitter from

The autonomic nervous system consists of efferent pathways with two peripheral neurons that travel in series from the central nervous system to the effector organ.

What area of the brain initiates the fight -or -flight response by producing widespread activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

Neurons that release norepinephrine are referred to as adrenergic.

Atropine, first derived from the Atropa belladonna plant, is a nicotinic receptor antagonist.

The primary hormone released from the adrenal medulla is norepinephrine.

Which of the following contributes to the ability of the sympathetic nervous system to produce widespread responses within the body?

The nature of a response from the parasympathetic nervous system is determined by the anatomy of this system. Describe the anatomy of the parasympathetic nervous system and how that differs from the sympathetic nervous system.

At rest, what is the relative contribution of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems to the regulation of homeostasis?

Where do the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system emerge from the spinal cord?

What enzyme degrades the neurotransmitter released from varicosities of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons?

Which of the following statements is TRUE of communication across the neuromuscular junction?

Test anxiety involves worry and dread about test performance and often interferes with normal learning and lowers test performance. 20 -30% of American students have experienced test anxiety. Some causes of test anxiety include fear of failure, waiting until the last minute to study, and/or those who have had trouble taking tests in the past. List at least five symptoms of test anxiety. Explain what autonomic division are the cause of the symptoms and its effect on target organs. Finally, what drug might be prescribed to alleviate the symptoms of text anxiety and explain its mode of action?

What is the graded change in membrane potential that occurs at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle called?

The opening of a cation channel that allows both Na⁺ and K⁺ to move through will cause the membrane to because of the _.