Question 1

With respect to their innervation, individual skeletal muscle fibers (cells) are innervated by

Accepted Answer

A)  a single motor neuron. 
B)  multiple motor neurons. 
C)  a single motor neuron and autonomic neuron. 
D)  multiple motor neurons and autonomic neurons. 
E)  a single motor neuron and multiple autonomic neurons. 
A)  a single motor neuron. 
B)  multiple motor neurons. 
C)  a single motor neuron and autonomic neuron. 
D)  multiple motor neurons and autonomic neurons. 
E)  a single motor neuron and multiple autonomic neurons.

Question 2

The parasympathetic nervous system exerts more discrete effects on effector organs than the sympathetic nervous system due to the independence of parasympathetic ganglia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The cranial nerve that innervates most of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the

Accepted Answer

A)  VII, or facial nerve. 
B)  III, or oculomotor nerve. 
C)  X, or vagus nerve. 
D)  IX, or glossopharyngeal nerve. 
E)  VIII, or vestibulocochlear nerve. 
A)  VII, or facial nerve. 
B)  III, or oculomotor nerve. 
C)  X, or vagus nerve. 
D)  IX, or glossopharyngeal nerve. 
E)  VIII, or vestibulocochlear nerve.

Question 4

The somatic nervous system regulates the activity of

Accepted Answer

A)  the cardiovascular system. 
B)  skeletal muscle. 
C)  endocrine organs. 
D)  many organs. 
E)  the kidneys. 
A)  the cardiovascular system. 
B)  skeletal muscle. 
C)  endocrine organs. 
D)  many organs. 
E)  the kidneys.

Question 5

Which statement best describes the results of the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Communication at the neuromuscular junction is blocked by preventing acetylcholine from binding to nicotinic cholinergic receptors. 
B)  There is blocking of sodium channels in the axon of the presynaptic axon. 
C)  There is degradation of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. 
D)  A decrease in the number of functional receptors on the muscle cell surface impairs its ability to respond to acetylcholine. 
E)  There is a decrease in the amount of acetylcholine released from the synaptic terminal. 
A)  Communication at the neuromuscular junction is blocked by preventing acetylcholine from binding to nicotinic cholinergic receptors. 
B)  There is blocking of sodium channels in the axon of the presynaptic axon. 
C)  There is degradation of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. 
D)  A decrease in the number of functional receptors on the muscle cell surface impairs its ability to respond to acetylcholine. 
E)  There is a decrease in the amount of acetylcholine released from the synaptic terminal.

Question 6

A motor unit consists of a skeletal muscle fiber (cell) and all of the motor neurons that innervate that skeletal muscle fiber.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons travel in what nerves?

Accepted Answer

A)  spinal nerves only 
B)  pelvic nerves only 
C)  cranial nerves only 
D)  cranial and spinal nerves 
E)  cranial and pelvic nerves 
A)  spinal nerves only 
B)  pelvic nerves only 
C)  cranial nerves only 
D)  cranial and spinal nerves 
E)  cranial and pelvic nerves

Question 8

Which of the following descriptions of collateral ganglia is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Collateral ganglia are part of the somatic nervous system, located where the motor neuron leaves the ventral horn. 
B)  Collateral ganglia are part of the somatosensory system, located off of the afferent neuron just prior to entering the spinal cord dorsal horn. 
C)  Collateral ganglia are located within a chain just outside the spinal cord and are the sites of communication between sympathetic preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons. 
D)  Collateral ganglia are located within the effector organs and are the sites of communication between parasympathetic preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons. 
E)  Collateral ganglia are in the sympathetic nervous system but distinct from the sympathetic chain, and they function as a site of communication between sympathetic preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons. 
A)  Collateral ganglia are part of the somatic nervous system, located where the motor neuron leaves the ventral horn. 
B)  Collateral ganglia are part of the somatosensory system, located off of the afferent neuron just prior to entering the spinal cord dorsal horn. 
C)  Collateral ganglia are located within a chain just outside the spinal cord and are the sites of communication between sympathetic preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons. 
D)  Collateral ganglia are located within the effector organs and are the sites of communication between parasympathetic preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons. 
E)  Collateral ganglia are in the sympathetic nervous system but distinct from the sympathetic chain, and they function as a site of communication between sympathetic preganglionic neurons and postganglionic neurons.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the general arrangement of the efferent limb of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)  one neuron 
B)  two neurons in parallel 
C)  two neurons in series 
D)  three neurons in series 
E)  three neurons in parallel 
A)  one neuron 
B)  two neurons in parallel 
C)  two neurons in series 
D)  three neurons in series 
E)  three neurons in parallel

Question 10

Which of the following endocrine glands is innervated by sympathetic preganglionic neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior pituitary 
B)  adrenal medulla 
C)  thyroid gland 
D)  adrenal cortex 
E)  pancreas 
A)  anterior pituitary 
B)  adrenal medulla 
C)  thyroid gland 
D)  adrenal cortex 
E)  pancreas

Question 11

Binding of norepinephrine or epinephrine to a(n) receptor will activate an inhibitory G protein which decreases the activity of adenylate cyclase and therefore cAMP synthesis while the
Binding of these two neurotransmitters to a receptor will do the exact opposite.

Accepted Answer

A)  a2 : fi1  
B)  a1 : a2  
C)  fi1 : fi2  
D)  fi2 : fi1  
E)  a2 : a1 
A)  a2 : fi1  
B)  a1 : a2  
C)  fi1 : fi2  
D)  fi2 : fi1  
E)  a2 : a1

Question 12

Parasympathetic neurons from which cranial nerve innervate most of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  III 
C)  VII 
D)  IX 
E)  X 
A)  I 
B)  III 
C)  VII 
D)  IX 
E)  X

Question 13

People who have done a lot of endurance training can have a resting heart rate of 50 beats per minute compared to the normal resting heart rate of 70 -80 beats per minute. This decreased heart rate in trained individuals is the partly result of

Accepted Answer

A)  endorphins released from the brain which have an inhibitory effect on heart rate. 
B)  sympathetic activity becoming more active and parasympathetic activity becoming less active at rest. 
C)  decreases in both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. 
D)  increases in both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. 
E)  parasympathetic activity becoming more active and sympathetic activity becoming less active at rest. 
A)  endorphins released from the brain which have an inhibitory effect on heart rate. 
B)  sympathetic activity becoming more active and parasympathetic activity becoming less active at rest. 
C)  decreases in both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. 
D)  increases in both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. 
E)  parasympathetic activity becoming more active and sympathetic activity becoming less active at rest.

Question 14

Physiological stressors will cause parasympathetic nervous system activity to increase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The sympathetic nervous system is sometimes called the thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

How does latroxin, the venom of the black widow spider, cause muscle spasms and rigidity?

Accepted Answer

A)  It stimulates acetylcholine release from autonomic preganglionic neurons. 
B)  It inhibits acetylcholine release from motor neurons. 
C)  It stimulates acetylcholine release from motor neurons. 
D)  It inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine at all synapses. 
E)  It blocks nicotinic cholinergic receptors. 
A)  It stimulates acetylcholine release from autonomic preganglionic neurons. 
B)  It inhibits acetylcholine release from motor neurons. 
C)  It stimulates acetylcholine release from motor neurons. 
D)  It inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine at all synapses. 
E)  It blocks nicotinic cholinergic receptors.

Question 17

Which of the following is located between the invaginations of the motor end plate of a neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

A)  fi2 receptors 
B)  acetylcholinesterase 
C)  nicotinic receptors 
D)  fi3 receptors 
E)  muscarinic receptors 
A)  fi2 receptors 
B)  acetylcholinesterase 
C)  nicotinic receptors 
D)  fi3 receptors 
E)  muscarinic receptors

Question 18

The autonomic nervous system innervates all the following effector organs and tissues EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac muscles. 
B)  adipose tissues. 
C)  exocrine glands. 
D)  skeletal muscles. 
E)  endocrine glands. 
A)  cardiac muscles. 
B)  adipose tissues. 
C)  exocrine glands. 
D)  skeletal muscles. 
E)  endocrine glands.

Question 19

The somatic nervous system is often referred to as the

Accepted Answer

A)  voluntary 
B)  neuromuscular 
C)  craniosacral 
D)  unconscious 
E)  involuntary 
A)  voluntary 
B)  neuromuscular 
C)  craniosacral 
D)  unconscious 
E)  involuntary

Question 20

In what class of autonomic neuron and within what organelle is the enzyme monoamine oxidase located?

Accepted Answer

A)  lysosomes of sympathetic preganglionic neurons 
B)  smooth ER of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons 
C)  Golgi apparatus of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons 
D)  mitochondria of sympathetic postganglionic neurons 
E)  synaptic vesicles of sympathetic postganglionic neurons 
A)  lysosomes of sympathetic preganglionic neurons 
B)  smooth ER of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons 
C)  Golgi apparatus of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons 
D)  mitochondria of sympathetic postganglionic neurons 
E)  synaptic vesicles of sympathetic postganglionic neurons

Exam 11: The Nervous System: Autonomic and Motor Systems

With respect to their innervation, individual skeletal muscle fibers (cells) are innervated by

The parasympathetic nervous system exerts more discrete effects on effector organs than the sympathetic nervous system due to the independence of parasympathetic ganglia.

The cranial nerve that innervates most of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominal cavities is the

The somatic nervous system regulates the activity of

Which statement best describes the results of the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis?

A motor unit consists of a skeletal muscle fiber (cell) and all of the motor neurons that innervate that skeletal muscle fiber.

Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons travel in what nerves?

Which of the following descriptions of collateral ganglia is TRUE?

Which of the following best describes the general arrangement of the efferent limb of the autonomic nervous system?

Which of the following endocrine glands is innervated by sympathetic preganglionic neurons?

Binding of norepinephrine or epinephrine to a(n) receptor will activate an inhibitory G protein which decreases the activity of adenylate cyclase and therefore cAMP synthesis while the Binding of these two neurotransmitters to a receptor will do the exact opposite.

Parasympathetic neurons from which cranial nerve innervate most of the viscera in the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

People who have done a lot of endurance training can have a resting heart rate of 50 beats per minute compared to the normal resting heart rate of 70 -80 beats per minute. This decreased heart rate in trained individuals is the partly result of

Physiological stressors will cause parasympathetic nervous system activity to increase.

The sympathetic nervous system is sometimes called the thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system.

How does latroxin, the venom of the black widow spider, cause muscle spasms and rigidity?

Which of the following is located between the invaginations of the motor end plate of a neuromuscular junction?

The autonomic nervous system innervates all the following effector organs and tissues EXCEPT

The somatic nervous system is often referred to as the

In what class of autonomic neuron and within what organelle is the enzyme monoamine oxidase located?

Introduction to Physiology

The Cell: Structure and Function

Cell Metabolism

Cell Membrane Transport

Chemical Messengers

The Endocrine System: Endocrine Glands and Hormone Actions

Nerve Cells and Electrical Signaling

Synaptic Transmission and Neural Integration

The Nervous System: Central Nervous System

The Nervous System: Sensory Systems

Muscle Physiology

The Cardiovascular System: Cardiac Function

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Respiratory System: Pulmonary Ventilation

The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and the Regulation of Breathing

The Urinary System: Renal Function

The Urinary System: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

The Gastrointestinal System

The Endocrine System Regulation of Energy Metabolism and Growth

The Reproductive System

The Immune System

Diabetes Mellitus

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