Question 1

Rapid immunoassays for the detection of antibiotic- associated pseudomembranous colitis agent(s)in stool samples detect

Accepted Answer

A) Escherichia coli verotoxin (shiga- like toxin). 
B) Campylobacter group antigen. 
C) Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. 
D) All of the above. 
A) Escherichia coli verotoxin (shiga- like toxin). 
B) Campylobacter group antigen. 
C) Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. 
D) All of the above. C

Question 2

Precision refers to how closely a test result comes to the true value.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Arboviruses are transmitted by the fecal/oral route and are important causes of gastroenteritis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

In which situation below is rapid bacterial antigen testing in a suspected case of meningitis the optimal course of action?

Accepted Answer

A) When the patient has already been stared on antibiotic therapy. 
B) When the cerebrospinal fluid is visibly cloudy with red blood cells. 
C) When the Gram stain of the cerebrospinal fluid is positive. 
D) When the cerebrospinal fluid is visibly cloudy with white blood cells. 
E) When the Gram stain of the cerebrospinal fluid is negative. 
A) When the patient has already been stared on antibiotic therapy. 
B) When the cerebrospinal fluid is visibly cloudy with red blood cells. 
C) When the Gram stain of the cerebrospinal fluid is positive. 
D) When the cerebrospinal fluid is visibly cloudy with white blood cells. 
E) When the Gram stain of the cerebrospinal fluid is negative.

Question 5

What laboratory regulation established testing requirements by categorizing laboratory tests as waived, moderately complex, or highly complex?

Accepted Answer

A) National Consensus for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) 
B) Centers for Disease Control Testing Tiers Regulation 
C) Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment of 1988 (CLI
A)  
D) College of American Pathologists (CAP)Cumitech #31 
A) National Consensus for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) 
B) Centers for Disease Control Testing Tiers Regulation 
C) Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment of 1988 (CLI
A)  
D) College of American Pathologists (CAP)Cumitech #31

Question 6

To increase assay sensitivity, instead of coupling enzyme labels directly to antigens or antibodies, ________ and ________ can be used intermediary molecules because they bind tightly to each other and amplify signal because of multiple binding sites.

Accepted Answer

biotin, st

Question 7

The major serotype of HIV in the United States is HIV- 1.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Discuss the testing strategies for detecting infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Accepted Answer

The earliest markers to appear in blood

Question 9

An advantage of using enzyme labeled antibodies instead of fluorochrome labeled antibodies is that the colors are more stable in storage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

It is impossible to be infected with hepatitis D (delta agent)virus without simultaneously being infected with hepatitis B virus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

In order to verify the claims in manufacturer's literature of an FDA- approved procedure, at least ________ specimens should be done that contain the analyte and ________ specimens that do not..

Accepted Answer

A) 100, 100 
B) 20, 20 
C) 50, 50 
D) 20, 50 
E) 50, 100 
A) 100, 100 
B) 20, 20 
C) 50, 50 
D) 20, 50 
E) 50, 100

Question 12

Approximately 95% of all clinically significant intestinal parasites in the United States are either

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Even after syphilis is cured, nontreponemal antibodies may persist for a lifetime, but once the disease is no longer active, specific treponemal antibody titers decrease to undetectable levels.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the agents below is particularly problematic in immunocompromised patients and causes both pneumonia and meningitis?

Accepted Answer

A) Cryptococcus neoformans 
B) Cryptosporidium parvum 
C) Pneumocystis carnii 
D) Giardia lamblia 
A) Cryptococcus neoformans 
B) Cryptosporidium parvum 
C) Pneumocystis carnii 
D) Giardia lamblia

Question 15

Each test below can be used as a confirmatory test for syphilis because it uses Treponema pallidum antigen to detect specific syphilis antibodies except

Accepted Answer

A) fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA- Abs). 
B) Venereal Disease Research Lab (VDRL). 
C) microhemagglutination Treponema pallidum (MHA- TP). 
D) Treponema pallidum immobilization (TPI). 
E) fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption double stained (FTA- Abs DS). 
A) fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption (FTA- Abs). 
B) Venereal Disease Research Lab (VDRL). 
C) microhemagglutination Treponema pallidum (MHA- TP). 
D) Treponema pallidum immobilization (TPI). 
E) fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption double stained (FTA- Abs DS).

Question 16

What is (are)the advantage(s)of using monoclonal antibodies to detect microbial antigens in a specimen?

Accepted Answer

A) Results may be positive for organisms difficult or impossible to grow. 
B) Results may be positive before a culture has time to grow. 
C) Results may be positive before the subject has developed detectable antibodies. 
D) Results may be positive when the organism in the specimen has died due to poor handling. 
E) All of the above. 
A) Results may be positive for organisms difficult or impossible to grow. 
B) Results may be positive before a culture has time to grow. 
C) Results may be positive before the subject has developed detectable antibodies. 
D) Results may be positive when the organism in the specimen has died due to poor handling. 
E) All of the above.

Question 17

Bacterial antigens associated with a meningitis infection can be detected using rapid immunoassays in which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Cerebrospinal fluid 
B) Urine 
C) Serum 
D) All of the above 
A) Cerebrospinal fluid 
B) Urine 
C) Serum 
D) All of the above

Question 18

Describe how and why the heterophile antibody associated with infectious mononucleosis is identified.

Accepted Answer

Heterophile antibodies are antibodies pr

Question 19

All of the following are members of Herpesviridae except

Accepted Answer

A) hantavirus. 
B) Epstein Barr virus. 
C) cytomegalovirus. 
D) varicella zoster virus. 
E) herpes simplex 1. 
A) hantavirus. 
B) Epstein Barr virus. 
C) cytomegalovirus. 
D) varicella zoster virus. 
E) herpes simplex 1.

Question 20

A cerebrospinal specimen was cultured for bacterial microbes and tested for specific bacterial antigens by latex agglutination. The latex agglutination was positive for Neisseria meningitidis antigen but no organisms grew from the culture. Which of the following could best explain this?

Accepted Answer

A) The specimen only contained nonviable organisms. 
B) The specimen was filtered prior to bacterial antigen testing. 
C) The specimen was centrifuged prior to bacterial antigen testing. 
D) The specimen was heated prior to bacterial antigen testing. 
E) All of the above. 
A) The specimen only contained nonviable organisms. 
B) The specimen was filtered prior to bacterial antigen testing. 
C) The specimen was centrifuged prior to bacterial antigen testing. 
D) The specimen was heated prior to bacterial antigen testing. 
E) All of the above.

Rapid immunoassays for the detection of antibiotic- associated pseudomembranous colitis agent(s)in stool samples detect

Precision refers to how closely a test result comes to the true value.

Arboviruses are transmitted by the fecal/oral route and are important causes of gastroenteritis.

In which situation below is rapid bacterial antigen testing in a suspected case of meningitis the optimal course of action?

What laboratory regulation established testing requirements by categorizing laboratory tests as waived, moderately complex, or highly complex?

To increase assay sensitivity, instead of coupling enzyme labels directly to antigens or antibodies, and can be used intermediary molecules because they bind tightly to each other and amplify signal because of multiple binding sites.

The major serotype of HIV in the United States is HIV- 1.

Discuss the testing strategies for detecting infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

An advantage of using enzyme labeled antibodies instead of fluorochrome labeled antibodies is that the colors are more stable in storage.

It is impossible to be infected with hepatitis D (delta agent)virus without simultaneously being infected with hepatitis B virus.

In order to verify the claims in manufacturer's literature of an FDA- approved procedure, at least specimens should be done that contain the analyte and specimens that do not..

Approximately 95% of all clinically significant intestinal parasites in the United States are either

Even after syphilis is cured, nontreponemal antibodies may persist for a lifetime, but once the disease is no longer active, specific treponemal antibody titers decrease to undetectable levels.

Which of the agents below is particularly problematic in immunocompromised patients and causes both pneumonia and meningitis?

Each test below can be used as a confirmatory test for syphilis because it uses Treponema pallidum antigen to detect specific syphilis antibodies except

What is (are)the advantage(s)of using monoclonal antibodies to detect microbial antigens in a specimen?

Bacterial antigens associated with a meningitis infection can be detected using rapid immunoassays in which of the following?

Describe how and why the heterophile antibody associated with infectious mononucleosis is identified.

All of the following are members of Herpesviridae except

A cerebrospinal specimen was cultured for bacterial microbes and tested for specific bacterial antigens by latex agglutination. The latex agglutination was positive for Neisseria meningitidis antigen but no organisms grew from the culture. Which of the following could best explain this?

What Is Immunology

Overview of the Immune System

Immunoglobulins

Infection and Immunity: Hostparasite Relationships

The Complement System

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmune Diseases and Immunodeficiency Disorders

Transplant Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Clinical Applications of Flow Cytometry

Hybridization Techniques

Amplification Techniques

Molecular Applications in Cytogenetics

Histocompatibility Laboratory Techniques and Applications

Filters

Exam 7: Immunologic Detection of Infectious Diseases

Rapid immunoassays for the detection of antibiotic- associated pseudomembranous colitis agent(s)in stool samples detect

Precision refers to how closely a test result comes to the true value.

Arboviruses are transmitted by the fecal/oral route and are important causes of gastroenteritis.

In which situation below is rapid bacterial antigen testing in a suspected case of meningitis the optimal course of action?

What laboratory regulation established testing requirements by categorizing laboratory tests as waived, moderately complex, or highly complex?

To increase assay sensitivity, instead of coupling enzyme labels directly to antigens or antibodies, ________ and ________ can be used intermediary molecules because they bind tightly to each other and amplify signal because of multiple binding sites.

The major serotype of HIV in the United States is HIV- 1.

Discuss the testing strategies for detecting infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

An advantage of using enzyme labeled antibodies instead of fluorochrome labeled antibodies is that the colors are more stable in storage.

It is impossible to be infected with hepatitis D (delta agent)virus without simultaneously being infected with hepatitis B virus.

In order to verify the claims in manufacturer's literature of an FDA- approved procedure, at least ________ specimens should be done that contain the analyte and ________ specimens that do not..

Approximately 95% of all clinically significant intestinal parasites in the United States are either

Even after syphilis is cured, nontreponemal antibodies may persist for a lifetime, but once the disease is no longer active, specific treponemal antibody titers decrease to undetectable levels.

Which of the agents below is particularly problematic in immunocompromised patients and causes both pneumonia and meningitis?

Each test below can be used as a confirmatory test for syphilis because it uses Treponema pallidum antigen to detect specific syphilis antibodies except

What is (are)the advantage(s)of using monoclonal antibodies to detect microbial antigens in a specimen?

Bacterial antigens associated with a meningitis infection can be detected using rapid immunoassays in which of the following?

Describe how and why the heterophile antibody associated with infectious mononucleosis is identified.

All of the following are members of Herpesviridae except

A cerebrospinal specimen was cultured for bacterial microbes and tested for specific bacterial antigens by latex agglutination. The latex agglutination was positive for Neisseria meningitidis antigen but no organisms grew from the culture. Which of the following could best explain this?

What Is Immunology

Overview of the Immune System

Immunoglobulins

Infection and Immunity: Hostparasite Relationships

The Complement System

Hypersensitivity

Autoimmune Diseases and Immunodeficiency Disorders

Transplant Immunology

Tumor Immunology

Clinical Applications of Flow Cytometry

Hybridization Techniques

Amplification Techniques

Molecular Applications in Cytogenetics

Histocompatibility Laboratory Techniques and Applications

Filters

To increase assay sensitivity, instead of coupling enzyme labels directly to antigens or antibodies, and can be used intermediary molecules because they bind tightly to each other and amplify signal because of multiple binding sites.

In order to verify the claims in manufacturer's literature of an FDA- approved procedure, at least specimens should be done that contain the analyte and specimens that do not..