Question 1

Why does immersion oil improve resolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases the angle of refraction of the light. 
B)  It allows light to travel at a uniform speed on its way to the lens. 
C)  It decreases the working distance. 
D)  It increases the numerical aperture. 
E)  It increases numerical aperture and maintains a uniform light speed. 
A)  It increases the angle of refraction of the light. 
B)  It allows light to travel at a uniform speed on its way to the lens. 
C)  It decreases the working distance. 
D)  It increases the numerical aperture. 
E)  It increases numerical aperture and maintains a uniform light speed.

Question 2

Which of the following are magnifying lenses?

Accepted Answer

A)  dark-field stops 
B)  objectives 
C)  oculars 
D)  condensers 
E)  both objectives and the oculars 
A)  dark-field stops 
B)  objectives 
C)  oculars 
D)  condensers 
E)  both objectives and the oculars

Question 3

Compare and contrast the three domains identified by Woese: Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea.

Accepted Answer

With respect to cell type, organisms in

Question 4

The endospore stain reveals internal structures within cells of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Tannic acid is a mordant (chemical fixative) used in the stain.

Accepted Answer

A)  acid-fast 
B)  flagellar 
C)  endospore 
D)  negative 
E)  electron microscopy 
A)  acid-fast 
B)  flagellar 
C)  endospore 
D)  negative 
E)  electron microscopy

Question 6

A (bright-field/confocal/phase-contrast) light microscope can be used to generate three-dimensional images.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A (bright-field/confocal/phase-contrast) light microscope can be used...

Question 7

The total magnification using a 10 ocular and a 100 objective would be (110/1000/10000) X.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The total magnification using a 10 ocular...

Question 8

High resolution images of the internal structures of microbial cells are obtained using microscopes.

Accepted Answer

A)  atomic force 
B)  confocal 
C)  transmission electron 
D)  scanning tunneling 
E)  scanning electron 
A)  atomic force 
B)  confocal 
C)  transmission electron 
D)  scanning tunneling 
E)  scanning electron

Question 9

Unstained cells that lack pigment are best observed on the microscope.

Accepted Answer

A)  scanning electron 
B)  bright-field 
C)  scanning tunneling 
D)  phase-contrast 
E)  transmission electron 
A)  scanning electron 
B)  bright-field 
C)  scanning tunneling 
D)  phase-contrast 
E)  transmission electron

Question 10

One-thousandth of a meter is a

Accepted Answer

A)  micrometer (μm). 
B)  yard. 
C)  millimeter (mm). 
D)  centimeter (cm). 
E)  nanometer (nm). 
A)  micrometer (μm). 
B)  yard. 
C)  millimeter (mm). 
D)  centimeter (cm). 
E)  nanometer (nm).

Question 11

The light path illustrated in the figure represents a microscope.

Accepted Answer

A)  phase contrast 
B)  dark-field 
C)  bright-field 
D)  fluorescence 
E)  differential interference contrast 
A)  phase contrast 
B)  dark-field 
C)  bright-field 
D)  fluorescence 
E)  differential interference contrast

Question 12

A sample from a patient is prepared using the Gomori methenamine silver stain. What type of microbe is suspected of being present?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria 
B)  parasitic worm larva 
C)  virus 
D)  protozoal parasite 
E)  fungus 
A)  bacteria 
B)  parasitic worm larva 
C)  virus 
D)  protozoal parasite 
E)  fungus

Question 13

In the Gram stain procedure, iodine serves as a

Accepted Answer

A)  fixative. 
B)  mordant. 
C)  decolorizing agent. 
D)  counterstain. 
E)  primary stain. 
A)  fixative. 
B)  mordant. 
C)  decolorizing agent. 
D)  counterstain. 
E)  primary stain.

Question 14

Heat is used to drive the stain into cells in the staining procedure(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  endospore stain 
B)  capsule stain 
C)  Gram stain 
D)  acid-fast stain 
E)  both acid-fast and endospore stains 
A)  endospore stain 
B)  capsule stain 
C)  Gram stain 
D)  acid-fast stain 
E)  both acid-fast and endospore stains

Question 15

Which of the following phenomena produces magnification?

Accepted Answer

A)  the thickness of a microscopic specimen 
B)  the refraction of radiation as it passes through a lens 
C)  the numerical aperture of a lens 
D)  the length of an objective lens 
E)  the wavelength of a radiation source 
A)  the thickness of a microscopic specimen 
B)  the refraction of radiation as it passes through a lens 
C)  the numerical aperture of a lens 
D)  the length of an objective lens 
E)  the wavelength of a radiation source

Question 16

Figure 4-4 represents a (dichotomous/taxonomic/question) key of the type used to identify a microbe.

Accepted Answer

The answer of   Figure 4-4 represents a (dichotomous/taxonomic/question)...

Question 17

The acid-fast stain is used to stain

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria with waxy cell walls. 
B)  endospores. 
C)  bacteria lacking cell walls. 
D)  living bacteria. 
E)  bacteria with capsules. 
A)  bacteria with waxy cell walls. 
B)  endospores. 
C)  bacteria lacking cell walls. 
D)  living bacteria. 
E)  bacteria with capsules.

Question 18

You are a scientist studying the highly specific interactions of bacteriophages with their host cells when they first encounter the cell. Discuss what microscope(s) and preparation procedures you might use for this study.

Accepted Answer

A scanning electron microscope can produ

Question 19

The light source in a microscope is ultraviolet (UV) light.

Accepted Answer

A)  fluorescent 
B)  phase-contrast 
C)  Nomarski 
D)  bright-field 
E)  dark-field 
A)  fluorescent 
B)  phase-contrast 
C)  Nomarski 
D)  bright-field 
E)  dark-field

Question 20

Which of the following microscopes produces the highest resolution images?

Accepted Answer

A)  differential interference 
B)  fluorescent 
C)  dark-field 
D)  scanning electron 
E)  atomic force 
A)  differential interference 
B)  fluorescent 
C)  dark-field 
D)  scanning electron 
E)  atomic force

Exam 4: Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Why does immersion oil improve resolution?

Which of the following are magnifying lenses?

Compare and contrast the three domains identified by Woese: Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea.

The endospore stain reveals internal structures within cells of the genera Bacillus and Clostridium.

Tannic acid is a mordant (chemical fixative) used in the stain.

A (bright-field/confocal/phase-contrast) light microscope can be used to generate three-dimensional images.

The total magnification using a 10 ocular and a 100 objective would be (110/1000/10000) X.

High resolution images of the internal structures of microbial cells are obtained using microscopes.

Unstained cells that lack pigment are best observed on the microscope.

One-thousandth of a meter is a

The light path illustrated in the figure represents a microscope.

A sample from a patient is prepared using the Gomori methenamine silver stain. What type of microbe is suspected of being present?

In the Gram stain procedure, iodine serves as a

Heat is used to drive the stain into cells in the staining procedure(s).

Which of the following phenomena produces magnification?

Figure 4-4 represents a (dichotomous/taxonomic/question) key of the type used to identify a microbe.

The acid-fast stain is used to stain

You are a scientist studying the highly specific interactions of bacteriophages with their host cells when they first encounter the cell. Discuss what microscope(s) and preparation procedures you might use for this study.

The light source in a microscope is ultraviolet (UV) light.

Which of the following microscopes produces the highest resolution images?

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Aids and Other Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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