Question 1

Why are modern light microscopes better than the ones Leeuwenhoek used?

Accepted Answer

A)  Modern microscopes have a fivefold better resolution. 
B)  Modern microscopes have lenses with smaller numerical apertures. 
C)  Modern lenses are made of prisms. 
D)  Modern microscopes are compound and have fivefold better resolution. 
E)  Modern microscopes are compound instead of simple. 
A)  Modern microscopes have a fivefold better resolution. 
B)  Modern microscopes have lenses with smaller numerical apertures. 
C)  Modern lenses are made of prisms. 
D)  Modern microscopes are compound and have fivefold better resolution. 
E)  Modern microscopes are compound instead of simple.

Question 2

List and explain five types of techniques that can be used to identify unknown microorganisms.

Accepted Answer

There are five major types of identifica

Question 3

Lasers are used to generate the images produced by microscopes.

Accepted Answer

A)  fluorescent 
B)  atomic force 
C)  confocal 
D)  phase-contrast 
E)  both confocal and atomic force 
A)  fluorescent 
B)  atomic force 
C)  confocal 
D)  phase-contrast 
E)  both confocal and atomic force

Question 4

Light rays that pass through the edge of a curved lens will be refracted more than those that pass through the center.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In a compound microscope, the lens that directs light through the specimen is the (ocular/condenser/objective) lens.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a compound microscope, the lens that...

Question 6

Stains for light microscopy contain chromophores whereas stains for electron microscopy contain heavy metals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Coating a specimen with a heavy metal is a step in preparing it for (phase/fluorescent/electron) microscopy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Coating a specimen with a heavy metal...

Question 8

Bacteria and many other microbes do NOT and therefore do NOT fit Linnaeusʹ definition of species.

Accepted Answer

A)  exchange genetic material 
B)  reproduce sexually 
C)  reproduce asexually 
D)  have nuclei 
E)  have cytoplasmic membranes 
A)  exchange genetic material 
B)  reproduce sexually 
C)  reproduce asexually 
D)  have nuclei 
E)  have cytoplasmic membranes

Question 9

A virologist wants to observe the surface features of virus particles she is studying. Which of the following microscopes would NOT be useful for her observations?

Accepted Answer

A)  transmission electron 
B)  scanning electron 
C)  atomic force 
D)  scanning tunneling 
E)  differential interference contrast 
A)  transmission electron 
B)  scanning electron 
C)  atomic force 
D)  scanning tunneling 
E)  differential interference contrast

Question 10

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about scanning electron microscopes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thin segments must be used. 
B)  The sample is placed in a vacuum. 
C)  Stains can be applied to improve contrast. 
D)  Images of surface structures are produced. 
E)  Glass lenses are used. 
A)  Thin segments must be used. 
B)  The sample is placed in a vacuum. 
C)  Stains can be applied to improve contrast. 
D)  Images of surface structures are produced. 
E)  Glass lenses are used.

Question 11

If a microbiology lab student left the safranin out of the Gram stain procedure, what would be the result?

Accepted Answer

A)  All cells would be pink. 
B)  Gram-positive cells would be purple and Gram-negative cells would be colorless. 
C)  Gram-positive cells would be colorless and Gram-negative cells would be pink. 
D)  All cells would be purple. 
E)  Gram-positive cells would be pink and Gram-negative cells would be purple. 
A)  All cells would be pink. 
B)  Gram-positive cells would be purple and Gram-negative cells would be colorless. 
C)  Gram-positive cells would be colorless and Gram-negative cells would be pink. 
D)  All cells would be purple. 
E)  Gram-positive cells would be pink and Gram-negative cells would be purple.

Question 12

The most appropriate unit of measurement for intact archaea is the

Accepted Answer

A)  nanometer (nm). 
B)  micrometer (μm). 
C)  millimeter (mm). 
D)  meter (m). 
E)  centimeter (cm). 
A)  nanometer (nm). 
B)  micrometer (μm). 
C)  millimeter (mm). 
D)  meter (m). 
E)  centimeter (cm).

Question 13

The process of immobilizing organisms on a glass slide through the application of either heat or chemicals is (staining/mordant/fixation).

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of immobilizing organisms on a...

Question 14

A(n) (acidic/metallic/fluorescent) molecule is one that absorbs invisible radiation and emits visible light.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) (acidic/metallic/fluorescent) molecule is one that absorbs...

Question 15

A measurement of a microbe is reported as 1 × 10-6 m, also known as

Accepted Answer

A)  micrometers (μm). 
B)  yards. 
C)  nanometers (nm). 
D)  millimeters (mm). 
E)  centimeters (cm). 
A)  micrometers (μm). 
B)  yards. 
C)  nanometers (nm). 
D)  millimeters (mm). 
E)  centimeters (cm).

Question 16

All of the following are common to both the Gram stain and the acid -fast stain EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  primary stain. 
B)  a chemical mordant. 
C)  counterstain. 
D)  a decolorizing agent. 
E)  a decolorizing agent and a counterstain. 
A)  primary stain. 
B)  a chemical mordant. 
C)  counterstain. 
D)  a decolorizing agent. 
E)  a decolorizing agent and a counterstain.

Question 17

Gram staining of bacteria provides all the physical characterization necessary to identify bacterial species.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding modern taxonomy?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is consensus about the definition of species. 
B)  Modern classifications reflect evolutionary relationships of organisms. 
C)  Modern taxonomy does not provide a basis for predicting structural relationships. 
D)  The modern taxonomic organization is a finished product. 
E)  It is a complete inventory of all living organisms. 
A)  There is consensus about the definition of species. 
B)  Modern classifications reflect evolutionary relationships of organisms. 
C)  Modern taxonomy does not provide a basis for predicting structural relationships. 
D)  The modern taxonomic organization is a finished product. 
E)  It is a complete inventory of all living organisms.

Question 19

An integral part of serological testing is the use of a solution called (blood/plasma/antiserum) that contains antibodies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An integral part of serological testing is...

Question 20

A useful unit for measuring the size of most cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  nanometers. 
B)  micrometers. 
C)  decimeters. 
D)  millimeters. 
E)  centimeters. 
A)  nanometers. 
B)  micrometers. 
C)  decimeters. 
D)  millimeters. 
E)  centimeters.

Exam 4: Microscopy, Staining, and Classification

Why are modern light microscopes better than the ones Leeuwenhoek used?

List and explain five types of techniques that can be used to identify unknown microorganisms.

Lasers are used to generate the images produced by microscopes.

Light rays that pass through the edge of a curved lens will be refracted more than those that pass through the center.

In a compound microscope, the lens that directs light through the specimen is the (ocular/condenser/objective) lens.

Stains for light microscopy contain chromophores whereas stains for electron microscopy contain heavy metals.

Coating a specimen with a heavy metal is a step in preparing it for (phase/fluorescent/electron) microscopy.

Bacteria and many other microbes do NOT and therefore do NOT fit Linnaeusʹ definition of species.

A virologist wants to observe the surface features of virus particles she is studying. Which of the following microscopes would NOT be useful for her observations?

Which of the following statements is CORRECT about scanning electron microscopes?

If a microbiology lab student left the safranin out of the Gram stain procedure, what would be the result?

The most appropriate unit of measurement for intact archaea is the

The process of immobilizing organisms on a glass slide through the application of either heat or chemicals is (staining/mordant/fixation).

A(n) (acidic/metallic/fluorescent) molecule is one that absorbs invisible radiation and emits visible light.

A measurement of a microbe is reported as 1 × 10-6 m, also known as

All of the following are common to both the Gram stain and the acid -fast stain EXCEPT

Gram staining of bacteria provides all the physical characterization necessary to identify bacterial species.

Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding modern taxonomy?

An integral part of serological testing is the use of a solution called (blood/plasma/antiserum) that contains antibodies.

A useful unit for measuring the size of most cells is

A Brief History of Microbiology

The Chemistry of Microbiology

Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Microbial Nutrition and Growth

Microbial Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment

Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs

Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes

Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions

Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology

Innate Immunity

Adaptive Immunity

Immunization and Immune Testing

Aids and Other Immune Disorders

Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Wounds

Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System

Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

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