Exam 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Which is not one of the six key principles in young children's vocabulary development?

_____ refers to the ways words are combined to form acceptable phrases and sentences.

After a while, self-talk becomes second nature to children, and they can act without verbalizing, thus creating a form of _____, which becomes their thoughts.

"My computer doesn't like me-it keeps eating my pictures," says three-year-old Kimberly. This is an example of:

Research with the memory-span task suggests that:

Miguel is playing with buttons from his mother's sewing box. He is pretending they are little cars having a race. This behavior shows Miguel is in the _____ substage of preoperational thinking.

Juan has been able to go up stairs raising one foot at a time, but he is just managing how to come down stairs without putting two feet on each step before stepping down. His _____ motor skills are on pace for a _____.

The realization that people can have false beliefs develops in a majority of children by the time they are _____ years old.

Carina is a new nanny for a family with small children. She knows that all of the following are good rules for eating EXCEPT:

What is the zone of proximal development (ZPD)? What are its lower and upper limits? How would a teacher use peer scaffolding to help children learn mathematics within the zone?

Shelley and Nathan have a diet typical of small children in the United States, so it is likely that all the following are true EXCEPT:

Explain the difference between executive attention and sustained attention.

The focusing of attention on one characteristic to the exclusion of all others is:

Briefly describe the two substages of preoperational thought. Provide an example of children's thinking at each stage.

Researchers have found that advances in executive function in the preschool years are linked with all of the following EXCEPT:

Describe two reasons for developmental changes in memory span.

Piaget's preoperational stage is so named because he believed that children at this age:

According to Rochel Gelman, children's use of _____ is especially important in explaining areas of improvement on conservation tasks.

In the areas of school/peers and the community, steps can be taken to create conditions that enhance a child's safety and reduce the likelihood of injury. Give two of the suggestions listed in the textbook and describe how a teacher might implement those suggestions.

Adjusting speech to communicate with a two-year-old, a same-aged peer, or an adult shows an understanding of _____.