Exam 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Six-year-old Douglas is telling one of his mother's friends about his birthday party that occurred several weeks ago. As he describes his friends, the food, and his favorite presents, he is recalling:

The Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program provides all of the following EXCEPT:

Kevin is just learning to walk. He can take a few steps by himself if he uses both hands to hold on to a piece of furniture for support, but he can walk out into the middle of the room only if one of his parents holds his hands. Which of the following represents the lower limit of Kevin's zone of proximal development (ZPD) for walking?

Which of the following is NOT one of the key principles outlined in your textbook that contributes to optimal word learning?

_____ refers to the meaning of specific words and sentences.

When adults are working with young children, they often provide a lot of hints, assistance, instructions, and other support to help the children succeed. As the children demonstrate they can do more for themselves, the adults begin to withdraw these supports. This technique is called:

Peggy is shown two rows of buttons. Each row has five buttons in it, but one is spread out much longer. Even though Peggy can count five buttons in each row, she insists the row with the buttons spread out "has more." No matter how you ask, she insists that the "longer" row "has more." She is demonstrating:

Tyler is looking at a picture book when he sees his favorite animal-a tiger. His father asks, "What are you smiling at?" Tyler turns the book around so his father can see the picture. Tyler first became able to understand his father's perspective at age:

Ethan, age four, reasons that every time he sees a lightning bolt in the sky, angels are turning on their flashlights. Ethan's primitive reasoning about lightning is characteristic of:

Describe the WIC program and summarize research findings that show it is successful.

In general, conservation involves the ability to understand that changes in physical arrangement or appearance:

Vihaan's father noticed that his daughter used to repeat the ingredients for her favorite sandwich aloud. Now that she is older, her private speech has become _____, so that she can make the sandwich silently.

Which of the following is a criticism of Vygotsky's theory?

The second substage of preoperational thought, occurring between approximately four and seven years of age, is characterized by the use of:

In studying children's impulsivity and ability to delay gratification that involved resisting a cookie, "cool thoughts" refer to:

Early Head Start was established in 1995 to serve children from _____ years of age.

Which of the following describes what Lev Vygotsky believed about the development of thought and language?

An umbrella-like concept that encompasses a number of higher-level cognitive processes linked to the development of the brain's prefrontal cortex.

Different from the statistics in the United States, many children from other countries die of:

When adults are working with young children, they often provide a lot of hints, assistance, instructions, and other support to help the children succeed. As the children demonstrate they can do more for themselves, the adults begin to withdraw these supports. This shows the adults' direct involvement in the children's: