Exam 5: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

In a false-belief task, children are told that Mom puts chocolate in a kitchen drawer and leaves. Dad then moves the chocolate to the refrigerator. When asked where Mom will look for the chocolate when she returns, the child who does not understand false beliefs will say:

A cognitive theorist who emphasized the social contexts of learning and the construction of knowledge through social interaction.

Five-year-old Donna speaks in shorter, simpler sentences to her baby brother, in a very informal way with friends, and uses a more formal language with her father's friends. Donna is demonstrating her grasp of:

A new study revealed that overweight five-year-olds were _____ times more likely to be obese at age 14 years of age than their five-year-old counterparts who were normal weight.

Children exposed to tobacco smoke in the home are more likely to have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

When dropped off at her day care, Ariel promptly says to her teacher, "Grandma's cookies were good, weren't they?" Her teacher, who doesn't know Ariel's family, responded, "I'm sure they were good." Ariel then gets frustrated and says, "Grandma's cookies were really good!" The frustration Ariel feels is rooted in her:

Describe the three-mountain task and use that to give examples of preoperational and operational understanding.

Which is true of studies of height in children from around the world?

Three-year-old Betty's favorite pastime is scribbling designs. She says the drawings represent her parents, cat, bicycle, and home. This indicates that Betty is in the _____ substage of Piaget's preoperational stage.

Jean Berko's experiment involving "wugs" demonstrated that the young children who took part in the experiment understood how to use _____ with new words.

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and the perspective of another.

The substage of preoperational thought in which children begin to use primitive reasoning and want to know the answers to all sorts of questions is the _____ substage.

In 1965, the federal government began an effort to break the cycle of poverty and poor education for young children in the United States through:

Children exposed to tobacco smoke in the home are more likely to develop _____ than are children in homes where no one smokes.

The leading cause of death in young children in the United States is:

When four- and five-year-olds scramble over jungle gyms and race their friends, they are demonstrating their:

Describe the unique features of the Tools of the Mind curriculum that show it is grounded in Vygotsky's view of sociocultural cognitive development.

Over the past week, Walter has been trying to learn to tie his shoelaces. Initially, his mother was holding his hands and working his fingers through the process, but now that Walter's gotten better at it, she only guides him verbally. This is an example of:

Six-year-old Shirley, a witness to a robbery, was asked to testify at the trial. The defense argued that her testimony would be invalid because:

Dorothy is enrolled in a preschool where she spends much of her time in unstructured activity. She plays with different toys she chooses, and her teacher facilitates rather than teaches. Which of the following approaches is Dorothy's preschool using?