Exam 6: Learning

Extinction in classical conditioning is:

Which of the following is a primary reinforcer in operant conditioning?

In operant conditioning,extinction occurs when:

In the context of operant conditioning,a reinforcer that acquires its positive value through an organism's experience is a _____ reinforcer.

Which of the following is true of a fixed-interval schedule in the context of operant conditioning?

Janet scolds her daughter,Kelley,each time Kelley pinches her little brother.After two weeks,Janet notices that Kelley has stopped pinching her little brother.In this scenario,scolding Kelley is an example of _____ in operant conditioning.

Millie feels sick every time she travels by air.She associates flying with physical illness and,as a result,hates air travel.She also finds it difficult to watch movies with airplanes or read books about airplanes because they make her feel unwell.In this scenario,Millie is demonstrating learning through:

An unconditioned response is a(n):

As the subject of an experiment for treating cigarette addiction,John is being given a chemical agent that makes him feel nauseated every time he smokes a cigarette.This experiment is most likely a(n)_____ experiment.

Electric shocks and nausea-inducing substances are examples of noxious stimuli that are used in aversive conditioning.Which of the following is true with regard to experiments that pair alcohol with nausea-inducing agents to treat alcohol addiction?

Larry is in the habit of bullying his little brother by hitting and pushing him.Larry's parents try to stop this behavior by taking away Larry's video games whenever he hits his little brother.Over the next few weeks,Larry stops bullying his little brother.In this scenario,Larry's parents have used _____ in operant conditioning.

In operant conditioning,a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur is known as a _____.

Matt is visibly excited to see his father when his father comes home from work every evening.Now,he is equally excited when he hears his father's car in the driveway,because he associates this with his father coming home.In this scenario,Matt's behavior can best be explained by _____.

Which of the following is true of a fixed-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?

_____ in operant conditioning occurs when the frequency of a behavior increases because it is followed by the removal of something undesirable.

Experience with unavoidable negative stimuli can lead to a particular deficit in avoidance learning called preparedness.

In a television advertisement,a young man is shown to be the center of attraction for young and attractive models because he drives the luxury car brand,Exotica.The advertisement targets young,single men.In the context of embedded marketing,which of the following statements is true?

Natalie loves driving and is excited about her upcoming driving test so that she can finally have her license.During the test,her instructor gets so impatient that Natalie loses her confidence.As a result,she fails the test.Since then,Natalie gets nervous every time she thinks of taking the driving test.In the context of classical conditioning,Natalie's nervousness about taking the test exemplifies is a(n)_____.

Which of the following is true about classical conditioning?

Research suggests that insight learning is only observed in humans.