Exam 6: Learning

Psychologists who examine learning from a behavioral perspective define learning as _____.

In the context of psychological constraints in learning,individuals with a growth mindset believe that their qualities are carved in stone and cannot change.

In the context of operant conditioning,extinction increases the frequency of a behavior.

Rodney suffers severe food poisoning after eating lunch at his school cafeteria.As a result of the experience,every time Rodney walks past the cafeteria and smells the food,he feels nauseated.In the context of classical conditioning,the unconditioned stimulus is the _____.

Jacob,a police officer,wants to train his new dog,Rover.Jacob buys a "zap collar" that delivers a low intensity shock to the neck of the dog whenever it pulls on the leash.After wearing the collar for a few days,Rover recognizes that the shock is an undesirable result of pulling on the leash.Consequently,Rover stops pulling on the leash.In this scenario,which of the following methods has most likely been used to discipline Rover?

_____ was the Russian physiologist who demonstrated that neutral aspects of the environment can attain the capacity to evoke responses through pairing with other stimuli and that bodily processes can be influenced by environmental cues.

Jim feeds his dog the Paws brand of dog food every day.When the dog sees Jim pouring the food into his bowl,he starts to salivate.When Jim switches to a new brand,the food does not suit the dog and makes him sick.The dog no longer salivates when he sees Jim pouring the food into his bowl.In this scenario,the dog's change in behavior can be best explained by learning through _____.

Differentiate between latent learning and insight learning.

Which of the following best illustrates positive punishment in operant conditioning?

Give a brief account of the four main processes involved in observational learning.

Jenna receives a bonus for performing well.Instead of buying herself something nice,she invests her money with the intention of buying a house after a few years.In the context of reinforcement and punishment schedules,Jenna demonstrates _____ in this scenario.

Describe avoidance learning.Provide an example to illustrate.

Briefly describe the biological constraints involved in learning.

In the context of operant conditioning,a _____ schedule is one in which a behavior is reinforced every time it occurs.

Melvin is an elementary-school teacher who rewards his students with extra playing time whenever they do well on a class assignment.In this scenario,which of the following techniques is Melvin using to motivate his students to work harder?

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies instinctive drift in the context of biological constraints in learning?

_____ in classical conditioning is the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response.

In operant conditioning,a punishment is a consequence that _____.

Boris uses classical conditioning to teach his goldfish to swim to the surface of its tank to eat whenever Boris turns on the aquarium light.He drops food into the tank and then turns on the light.After several such trials,the fish shows no more inclination to swim to the surface when the light is turned on than it did on the first trial.In the context of classical conditioning,which of the following should Boris do to improve his training technique?

Which of the following is true of behaviorism as a theory of learning?