Exam 6: Learning

In positive punishment,a behavior increases when it is followed by the presentation of a stimulus.

Describe in detail the classical conditioning components involved in smoking.Discuss how spontaneous recovery can cause the reoccurrence of a smoking habit.

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer in operant conditioning?

Five minutes are deducted from Frankie's recess hour every time he misbehaves in class.In the context of operant conditioning,his teacher is using _____ to discipline Frankie.

Which of the following is true of a variable-ratio schedule in operant conditioning?

Jennifer was stung by a bee several days ago and was in pain for many days.As a result of the painful experience,she cries out whenever a flying insect gets too close to her.Jennifer's reaction to flying insects best illustrates the concept of _____ in classical conditioning.

_____ is the process of learning the associations between two events.

Shirley repeatedly ends up receiving bad grades in Algebra no matter how hard she studies.Eventually,Shirley stops studying for Algebra tests and accepts that nothing she does will help her get good grades.In this scenario,Shirley's behavior exemplifies _____ in operant conditioning.

Learned helplessness occurs when an organism learns that by making a particular response,a negative stimulus can be altogether avoided.

Fred's mother allows him to watch television on Sundays only if he studies for four hours a day,every day of the week.Which of the following schedules of reinforcement in operant conditioning is Fred's mother using to discipline him?

Which of the following is true of retention in observational learning?

In operant conditioning,how does positive reinforcement differ from negative reinforcement?

Jenny received a lot of praise in class when she was the only one who did her homework on time.As a result,Jenny has never had to be reminded to do her homework;she always submits it on time.In this scenario,Jenny's behavior illustrates _____.

In aversive conditioning experiments to treat alcohol addiction,every time a person drinks an alcoholic beverage,he or she also consumes a mixture that induces nausea.In classical conditioning terminology,the nausea-inducing agent is the _____.

Josh has romantic feelings for the girl who works at the comic book store down the street.He likes to go into the store and talk to her.However,he does not know which days of the week she works,so he visits the store every Sunday,when he is sure she will be there.In this scenario,Josh is operating on a _____ schedule in operant conditioning.

Which of the following is true of drug habituation in the context of classical conditioning?

Which of the following is true of generalization in classical conditioning?

Kenny ate too many hotdogs at a baseball game.Several hours later,he felt nauseated and spent most of the night being sick.In the context of taste aversion learning,it is likely that Kenny will _____ as a result of this experience.

Provide one example of vicarious reinforcement and one example of vicarious punishment.

Liam is studying in his room for an exam but is disturbed by the loud music from his neighbor's house.He closes the window so that he can no longer hear the loud music.In this scenario,Liam's behavior demonstrates _____ in operant conditioning.