Question 1

Most children in the early elementary grades think that being a "good listener" means:

Accepted Answer

A) Asking the speaker a lot of questions 
B) Remembering what the speaker says 
C) Sitting quietly and looking at the speaker 
D) Being able to tell somebody else what the speaker has said 
A) Asking the speaker a lot of questions 
B) Remembering what the speaker says 
C) Sitting quietly and looking at the speaker 
D) Being able to tell somebody else what the speaker has said

Question 2

Which one of the following statements characterizes both Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of cognitive development, as well as psychologists' beliefs about the nature of language development?

Accepted Answer

A) Development involves a series of stages. 
B) Children are actively involved in their own learning. 
C) Children and adults think in basically the same ways. 
D) Development involves both assimilation and accommodation. 
A) Development involves a series of stages. 
B) Children are actively involved in their own learning. 
C) Children and adults think in basically the same ways. 
D) Development involves both assimilation and accommodation.

Question 3

Which one of the following statements best describes Vygotsky's concept of internalization?

Accepted Answer

A) As children grow older, they develop an increasing ability to think about events in abstract rather than concrete terms. 
B) With age, children acquire more sophisticated problem-solving skills, largely because their parents and teachers give them increasingly challenging problems to solve. 
C) Over time, children acquire greater self-confidence about their ability to deal with the world. 
D) Through their social interactions with other people, children acquire ways of mentally approaching and thinking about a task. 
A) As children grow older, they develop an increasing ability to think about events in abstract rather than concrete terms. 
B) With age, children acquire more sophisticated problem-solving skills, largely because their parents and teachers give them increasingly challenging problems to solve. 
C) Over time, children acquire greater self-confidence about their ability to deal with the world. 
D) Through their social interactions with other people, children acquire ways of mentally approaching and thinking about a task.

Question 4

Which one of the following statements reflects what developmentalists mean by the term maturation?

Accepted Answer

A) Developmental changes that are controlled largely by heredity 
B) Changes related specifically to children's physical development 
C) Changes related specifically to children's emotional development 
D) Changes that reflect increasingly appropriate social behavior 
A) Developmental changes that are controlled largely by heredity 
B) Changes related specifically to children's physical development 
C) Changes related specifically to children's emotional development 
D) Changes that reflect increasingly appropriate social behavior

Question 5

From Piaget's perspective, children are:

Accepted Answer

A) Most likely to learn when parents and teachers entice them to do so 
B) Most likely to learn things that bring about desirable consequences 
C) More likely to develop cognitively in a formal school setting than at home 
D) Eager to interact with and make sense of their world 
A) Most likely to learn when parents and teachers entice them to do so 
B) Most likely to learn things that bring about desirable consequences 
C) More likely to develop cognitively in a formal school setting than at home 
D) Eager to interact with and make sense of their world

Question 6

Ms.Killian and her fourth graders have been growing sunflowers under various conditions-they have grown sunflowers in different kinds of soil, with different amounts of water, and in varying degrees of sunlight.Below are four statements that Ms.Killian makes related to the sunflowers.Which one is most consistent with the idea of a cognitive apprenticeship?

Accepted Answer

A) "Who can tell me what photosynthesis is?" 
B) "How many of you have grown sunflowers at home? How many of you have moms or dads who are gardeners?" 
C) "This sunflower is taller than that sunflower over there.Let's consider what the growing conditions for the two flowers have been and try to figure out what might have led to the difference we see." 
D) "Elaine, please give each plant the same amount of water today that you gave it yesterday.Also, be sure that you keep each plant in the same location, so that the amount of sunlight it gets stays the same." 
A) "Who can tell me what photosynthesis is?" 
B) "How many of you have grown sunflowers at home? How many of you have moms or dads who are gardeners?" 
C) "This sunflower is taller than that sunflower over there.Let's consider what the growing conditions for the two flowers have been and try to figure out what might have led to the difference we see." 
D) "Elaine, please give each plant the same amount of water today that you gave it yesterday.Also, be sure that you keep each plant in the same location, so that the amount of sunlight it gets stays the same."

Question 7

Which one of the following statements most accurately describes Lev Vygotsky's view of how cognitive development occurs?

Accepted Answer

A) Children's cognitive growth should be judged on the basis of their actual developmental level, not on the basis of their level of potential development. 
B) Cognitive development progresses through four distinct stages; each stage is characterized by increasingly complex thought and language. 
C) Children develop, in part, by working on challenging tasks with the assistance of more competent individuals. 
D) Language and thought, although closely intertwined in the first few years of life, become increasingly distinct entities over time. 
A) Children's cognitive growth should be judged on the basis of their actual developmental level, not on the basis of their level of potential development. 
B) Cognitive development progresses through four distinct stages; each stage is characterized by increasingly complex thought and language. 
C) Children develop, in part, by working on challenging tasks with the assistance of more competent individuals. 
D) Language and thought, although closely intertwined in the first few years of life, become increasingly distinct entities over time.

Question 8

Mr.Remick asks 9-year-old Anne to divide a pitcher of lemonade equally between two glasses, one each for her and her friend Kate.The two glasses are different shapes, with Anne's being tall and thin and Kate's being short and wide.After Anne pours the lemonade, Mr.Remick says to her, "Look, the lemonade in your glass is higher than the lemonade in Kate's glass.Did you give yourself more than you gave Kate?" "No," Anne replies, "my glass is skinnier." Mr.Remick continues to ask Anne questions to determine how well she understands that height compensates for width in this situation.Mr.Remick's strategy can best be described as illustrating:

Accepted Answer

A) Equilibration 
B) Class inclusion 
C) Formal operations 
D) The clinical method 
A) Equilibration 
B) Class inclusion 
C) Formal operations 
D) The clinical method

Question 9

Which one of the following is the best example of Piaget's concept of assimilation?

Accepted Answer

A) A kindergartner uses a white crayon instead of chalk to draw on the blackboard. 
B) A third grader develops the necessary eye-hand coordination for writing letters. 
C) A sixth grader moves to a different school and changes styles to fit the fashions. 
D) An eighth grader is discouraged from using the word awesome to describe everything he sees. 
A) A kindergartner uses a white crayon instead of chalk to draw on the blackboard. 
B) A third grader develops the necessary eye-hand coordination for writing letters. 
C) A sixth grader moves to a different school and changes styles to fit the fashions. 
D) An eighth grader is discouraged from using the word awesome to describe everything he sees.

Question 10

Piaget claimed that an adolescent's overly optimistic idealism about how one might easily improve the world is due to during the formal operations stage.

Accepted Answer

A) egocentrism 
B) incomplete brain maturation 
C) an incompletely developed ability to think abstractly 
D) an inability to separate and control variables 
A) egocentrism 
B) incomplete brain maturation 
C) an incompletely developed ability to think abstractly 
D) an inability to separate and control variables

Question 11

Three of the following statements are consistent with Vygotsky's views about the kinds of diversity we are likely to see in students.Which statement is not consistent with Vygotsky's theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Children in any single age-group are apt to have different zones of proximal development. 
B) Children from some cultures are more concerned about being punctual to appointments than children from certain other cultures are. 
C) Some children frequently engage in self-talk, whereas other children don't use it at all. 
D) Children from different cultures might interpret certain environmental events 
E) g., a tornado or hurricane)in distinctly different ways. 
A) Children in any single age-group are apt to have different zones of proximal development. 
B) Children from some cultures are more concerned about being punctual to appointments than children from certain other cultures are. 
C) Some children frequently engage in self-talk, whereas other children don't use it at all. 
D) Children from different cultures might interpret certain environmental events 
E) g., a tornado or hurricane)in distinctly different ways.

Question 12

Which one of the following is the best example of dynamic assessment?

Accepted Answer

A) Mr.Thiessen asks Macy to show him how to use a microscope properly. 
B) Ms.Ursinas asks her students to work in groups of three to write a paper describing the effects of the U.S.invasion of Iraq in 2003. 
C) Ms.Vincenti gives her students 20 multiple-choice questions; she then gives 20 additional, more difficult questions to students who've done very well on the first set, as a way of assessing the upper limits of their knowledge. 
D) Mr.Warren observes and records how Erica's logical thinking changes over time as she experiments with a pendulum and how she responds to his hints about separating and controlling variables. 
A) Mr.Thiessen asks Macy to show him how to use a microscope properly. 
B) Ms.Ursinas asks her students to work in groups of three to write a paper describing the effects of the U.S.invasion of Iraq in 2003. 
C) Ms.Vincenti gives her students 20 multiple-choice questions; she then gives 20 additional, more difficult questions to students who've done very well on the first set, as a way of assessing the upper limits of their knowledge. 
D) Mr.Warren observes and records how Erica's logical thinking changes over time as she experiments with a pendulum and how she responds to his hints about separating and controlling variables.

Question 13

Three of the following teaching practices are consistent with Piaget's theory of cognitive development.Which one is not?

Accepted Answer

A) When Sue leaves out important details as she tries to explain something, her teacher says, "I don't understand what you mean when you say." 
B) A second-grade teacher encourages students to speculate about possible explanations as to why kites can fly and then to test each explanation systematically. 
C) When a high school student claims that people should "Make love, not war," his teacher urges him to consider whether such an approach would have been advisable when the Nazi movement was gaining influence in Europe in the late 1930s and early 1940s. 
D) When Martin says that two nickels are worth more than one dime because there are two of them and they're bigger, his teacher asks, "How can that be? Two nickels are worth ten cents; one dime is also worth ten cents." 
A) When Sue leaves out important details as she tries to explain something, her teacher says, "I don't understand what you mean when you say." 
B) A second-grade teacher encourages students to speculate about possible explanations as to why kites can fly and then to test each explanation systematically. 
C) When a high school student claims that people should "Make love, not war," his teacher urges him to consider whether such an approach would have been advisable when the Nazi movement was gaining influence in Europe in the late 1930s and early 1940s. 
D) When Martin says that two nickels are worth more than one dime because there are two of them and they're bigger, his teacher asks, "How can that be? Two nickels are worth ten cents; one dime is also worth ten cents."

Question 14

Three of the following are definitely examples of scaffolding.Identify the situation in which no scaffolding is described.

Accepted Answer

A) Ms.Andrews likes to challenge her students by giving them group research projects.She puts her students in groups of three or four students each, and she gives each student a topic to research.She sends the groups to the school library to find out as much as they can about their topic, and then has each group give a report to the entire class. 
B) Mr.Bender is teaching a unit on beginning tennis.In the early stages of teaching a correct tennis swing, he uses an automatic ball server that serves balls with consistent speed, height, and direction.He also continually reminds students to "Keep your eye on the ball" and "Hold your arm straight." Later in the unit he begins to serve the balls himself, varying the speed, height, and direction of the serves.And he begins to taper off his reminders about what to do. 
C) Ms.Carrera helps students solve math word problems by providing visual illustrations of the elements of the problem and by showing them "models" i.e., similar problems that have been worked out correctly).As the weeks go by, she provides fewer and fewer visual illustrations and fewer and fewer model problems, until eventually the students can solve the problems without either form of assistance. 
D) Mr.Donaldson's students are just beginning to learn how to take notes in class.For the first few weeks Mr.D.begins class by handing out a detailed outline about the topic for the day.By December he is handing out an outline covering only the main points of the day, encouraging students to fill in the blank spaces on the sheet with ideas relative to each point.By May students are writing down main points and relevant details on their own. 
A) Ms.Andrews likes to challenge her students by giving them group research projects.She puts her students in groups of three or four students each, and she gives each student a topic to research.She sends the groups to the school library to find out as much as they can about their topic, and then has each group give a report to the entire class. 
B) Mr.Bender is teaching a unit on beginning tennis.In the early stages of teaching a correct tennis swing, he uses an automatic ball server that serves balls with consistent speed, height, and direction.He also continually reminds students to "Keep your eye on the ball" and "Hold your arm straight." Later in the unit he begins to serve the balls himself, varying the speed, height, and direction of the serves.And he begins to taper off his reminders about what to do. 
C) Ms.Carrera helps students solve math word problems by providing visual illustrations of the elements of the problem and by showing them "models" i.e., similar problems that have been worked out correctly).As the weeks go by, she provides fewer and fewer visual illustrations and fewer and fewer model problems, until eventually the students can solve the problems without either form of assistance. 
D) Mr.Donaldson's students are just beginning to learn how to take notes in class.For the first few weeks Mr.D.begins class by handing out a detailed outline about the topic for the day.By December he is handing out an outline covering only the main points of the day, encouraging students to fill in the blank spaces on the sheet with ideas relative to each point.By May students are writing down main points and relevant details on their own.

Question 15

Many theorists believe that people have an innate predisposition to learn language.Three of the following provide sources of evidence that these theorists use to support their belief.Which one is not used to support an inherited predisposition to learn language?

Accepted Answer

A) Young infants seem to prefer listening to human voices over other kinds of sounds. 
B) Children acquire increasingly larger and more sophisticated vocabularies as they grow older. 
C) Children tend to learn certain aspects of a language more easily when they are exposed to it at a young age. 
D) Children tend to acquire many complexities of their first language that are unnecessary for day-to-day communication. 
A) Young infants seem to prefer listening to human voices over other kinds of sounds. 
B) Children acquire increasingly larger and more sophisticated vocabularies as they grow older. 
C) Children tend to learn certain aspects of a language more easily when they are exposed to it at a young age. 
D) Children tend to acquire many complexities of their first language that are unnecessary for day-to-day communication.

Question 16

LaWanda understands that a single sentence can sometimes be interpreted in two or more ways.For example, she realizes that the sentence "I know more beautiful women than Miss America" has two possible interpretations: "I know women who are more beautiful than Miss America is" or "I know more beautiful women than Miss America knows." LaWanda's appreciation for the double meanings of some sentences reflects:

Accepted Answer

A) A sensitive period in language development 
B) Metalinguistic awareness 
C) Pragmatics 
D) Figurative language 
A) A sensitive period in language development 
B) Metalinguistic awareness 
C) Pragmatics 
D) Figurative language

Question 17

Which one of the following statements best describes Piaget's view of how children acquire knowledge about the world?

Accepted Answer

A) Children are naturally disposed to think about their environment in particular ways; in a sense, some basic knowledge about the world is "pre-wired." 
B) Children actively construct their own view of the world from their experiences with the environment. 
C) Initially, children unconsciously develop a rather complex but confused view of the world; this view becomes simpler and more straightforward as time goes on. 
D) Children repeatedly parrot their parents' and teachers' beliefs, eventually adopting these beliefs as their own knowledge. 
A) Children are naturally disposed to think about their environment in particular ways; in a sense, some basic knowledge about the world is "pre-wired." 
B) Children actively construct their own view of the world from their experiences with the environment. 
C) Initially, children unconsciously develop a rather complex but confused view of the world; this view becomes simpler and more straightforward as time goes on. 
D) Children repeatedly parrot their parents' and teachers' beliefs, eventually adopting these beliefs as their own knowledge.

Question 18

Considering Piaget's theory of cognitive development, we would expect a student in the concrete operational stage to have the greatest difficulty with which one of the following questions?

Accepted Answer

A) An apple pie is cut into 4 pieces.A blueberry pie of the same size is cut into 12 pieces.How many pieces of blueberry pie do you need to have the same amount as 3 pieces of the apple pie? 
B) In what way are an apple and a blueberry alike? 
C) If we have one row of blueberries arranged like so: o o o o o o 
D) If you have 8 Macintosh apples and 2 Jonathan apples, then do you have more Macintoshes or more apples? 
A) An apple pie is cut into 4 pieces.A blueberry pie of the same size is cut into 12 pieces.How many pieces of blueberry pie do you need to have the same amount as 3 pieces of the apple pie? 
B) In what way are an apple and a blueberry alike? 
C) If we have one row of blueberries arranged like so: o o o o o o 
D) If you have 8 Macintosh apples and 2 Jonathan apples, then do you have more Macintoshes or more apples?

Question 19

Which one of the following is associated with Piaget's concrete operations stage?

Accepted Answer

A) Reasoning about hypothetical ideas 
B) Awareness that other people's thoughts might differ from one's own 
C) Separation and control of variables 
D) An inability to classify objects as belonging to more than one category 
A) Reasoning about hypothetical ideas 
B) Awareness that other people's thoughts might differ from one's own 
C) Separation and control of variables 
D) An inability to classify objects as belonging to more than one category

Question 20

According to the textbook, which one of the following conclusions is most warranted from research on brain development?

Accepted Answer

A) Classroom experiences can affect students' cognitive development throughout the elementary and secondary school years. 
B) It is essential that children begin studying basic mathematics and science before the age of seven. 
C) The ability to think abstractly depends on the development of many synaptic connections during the first five years of life. 
D) Children probably won't master the skills essential to success in the adult world unless they begin developing those skills in the early elementary grades. 
A) Classroom experiences can affect students' cognitive development throughout the elementary and secondary school years. 
B) It is essential that children begin studying basic mathematics and science before the age of seven. 
C) The ability to think abstractly depends on the development of many synaptic connections during the first five years of life. 
D) Children probably won't master the skills essential to success in the adult world unless they begin developing those skills in the early elementary grades.

Most children in the early elementary grades think that being a "good listener" means:

Which one of the following statements characterizes both Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of cognitive development, as well as psychologists' beliefs about the nature of language development?

Which one of the following statements best describes Vygotsky's concept of internalization?

Which one of the following statements reflects what developmentalists mean by the term maturation?

From Piaget's perspective, children are:

Which one of the following statements most accurately describes Lev Vygotsky's view of how cognitive development occurs?

Which one of the following is the best example of Piaget's concept of assimilation?

Piaget claimed that an adolescent's overly optimistic idealism about how one might easily improve the world is due to during the formal operations stage.

Three of the following statements are consistent with Vygotsky's views about the kinds of diversity we are likely to see in students.Which statement is not consistent with Vygotsky's theory?

Which one of the following is the best example of dynamic assessment?

Three of the following teaching practices are consistent with Piaget's theory of cognitive development.Which one is not?

Three of the following are definitely examples of scaffolding.Identify the situation in which no scaffolding is described.

Many theorists believe that people have an innate predisposition to learn language.Three of the following provide sources of evidence that these theorists use to support their belief.Which one is not used to support an inherited predisposition to learn language?

Which one of the following statements best describes Piaget's view of how children acquire knowledge about the world?

Considering Piaget's theory of cognitive development, we would expect a student in the concrete operational stage to have the greatest difficulty with which one of the following questions?

Which one of the following is associated with Piaget's concrete operations stage?

According to the textbook, which one of the following conclusions is most warranted from research on brain development?

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Complex Cognitive Processes

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters

Exam 2: Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Most children in the early elementary grades think that being a "good listener" means:

Which one of the following statements characterizes both Piaget's and Vygotsky's theories of cognitive development, as well as psychologists' beliefs about the nature of language development?

Which one of the following statements best describes Vygotsky's concept of internalization?

Which one of the following statements reflects what developmentalists mean by the term maturation?

From Piaget's perspective, children are:

Which one of the following statements most accurately describes Lev Vygotsky's view of how cognitive development occurs?

Which one of the following is the best example of Piaget's concept of assimilation?

Piaget claimed that an adolescent's overly optimistic idealism about how one might easily improve the world is due to during the formal operations stage.

Three of the following statements are consistent with Vygotsky's views about the kinds of diversity we are likely to see in students.Which statement is not consistent with Vygotsky's theory?

Which one of the following is the best example of dynamic assessment?

Three of the following teaching practices are consistent with Piaget's theory of cognitive development.Which one is not?

Three of the following are definitely examples of scaffolding.Identify the situation in which no scaffolding is described.

Many theorists believe that people have an innate predisposition to learn language.Three of the following provide sources of evidence that these theorists use to support their belief.Which one is not used to support an inherited predisposition to learn language?

Which one of the following statements best describes Piaget's view of how children acquire knowledge about the world?

Considering Piaget's theory of cognitive development, we would expect a student in the concrete operational stage to have the greatest difficulty with which one of the following questions?

Which one of the following is associated with Piaget's concrete operations stage?

According to the textbook, which one of the following conclusions is most warranted from research on brain development?

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Complex Cognitive Processes

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters