Question 1

Which one of the following reflects class inclusion as Piaget described it?

Accepted Answer

A) Getting cows and horses confused 
B) Identifying a shape as a square one day but as a triangle the next 
C) Realizing that things that are cars can also be vehicles 
D) Understanding that some behaviors that are perfectly acceptable at home are unacceptable at school 
A) Getting cows and horses confused 
B) Identifying a shape as a square one day but as a triangle the next 
C) Realizing that things that are cars can also be vehicles 
D) Understanding that some behaviors that are perfectly acceptable at home are unacceptable at school

Question 2

In the human brain, a great deal of synaptic pruning occurs in early childhood.This pruning appears to be:

Accepted Answer

A) The unfortunate result of home and school environments that provide only limited stimulation 
B) An adaptive process that allows children to deal more efficiently with typical tasks in their environment 
C) Due to an imbalance of important nutrients, and especially to low levels of the B vitamins in many children's diets 
D) The result of the cortex's gradual takeover of responsibility for functions that have previously been controlled by other parts of the brain 
A) The unfortunate result of home and school environments that provide only limited stimulation 
B) An adaptive process that allows children to deal more efficiently with typical tasks in their environment 
C) Due to an imbalance of important nutrients, and especially to low levels of the B vitamins in many children's diets 
D) The result of the cortex's gradual takeover of responsibility for functions that have previously been controlled by other parts of the brain

Question 3

Which one of the following examples most clearly illustrates a cognitive apprenticeship?

Accepted Answer

A) A junior high school English class is reading Robert Frost's "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening." At the end of each verse, the teacher describes the visual images and feelings that the poem elicits for him, and he encourages his students to do likewise. 
B) An elementary school teacher gives his students lots of practice doing addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division problems so that they will be able to solve word problems more effectively later in the school year. 
C) In a high school chemistry lab, a teacher clearly describes the steps she expects her students to complete as they conduct the day's laboratory experiment.She also lists the things that students should do when they clean up after the experiment. 
D) A middle school physical education teacher puts her students in pairs as they practice their forward and backward rolls.She asks the students in each pair to observe each other and give each other feedback about how to improve. 
A) A junior high school English class is reading Robert Frost's "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening." At the end of each verse, the teacher describes the visual images and feelings that the poem elicits for him, and he encourages his students to do likewise. 
B) An elementary school teacher gives his students lots of practice doing addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division problems so that they will be able to solve word problems more effectively later in the school year. 
C) In a high school chemistry lab, a teacher clearly describes the steps she expects her students to complete as they conduct the day's laboratory experiment.She also lists the things that students should do when they clean up after the experiment. 
D) A middle school physical education teacher puts her students in pairs as they practice their forward and backward rolls.She asks the students in each pair to observe each other and give each other feedback about how to improve.

Question 4

Considering what research tells us regarding children's language development, we should expect elementary school children to have the greatest difficulty understanding the meaning of which one of the following words?

Accepted Answer

A) swim 
B) vehicle 
C) although 
D) somersault 
A) swim 
B) vehicle 
C) although 
D) somersault

Question 5

Which one of the following do Piaget and Vygotsky agree is essential for children's cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) Good feelings about oneself 
B) Mastery of the pragmatic aspects of language 
C) An environment or situation that presents a cognitive challenge 
D) An accepting environment in which children aren't pressured to excel 
A) Good feelings about oneself 
B) Mastery of the pragmatic aspects of language 
C) An environment or situation that presents a cognitive challenge 
D) An accepting environment in which children aren't pressured to excel

Question 6

Which one of the following is the best example of pragmatics in language?

Accepted Answer

A) Julie waits until her friend has finished talking before she begins to speak. 
B) Morris understands the underlying meaning of "A stitch in time saves nine." 
C) Sheena knows that the plural of man is men, not mans. 
D) Isaiah recognizes the double meanings in many of the puns he hears. 
A) Julie waits until her friend has finished talking before she begins to speak. 
B) Morris understands the underlying meaning of "A stitch in time saves nine." 
C) Sheena knows that the plural of man is men, not mans. 
D) Isaiah recognizes the double meanings in many of the puns he hears.

Question 7

Which one of the following is the best example of a mediated learning experience?

Accepted Answer

A) Ms.O'Brien insists that students sit quietly at their desks before she dismisses them for lunch. 
B) Mr.James reflects on the lesson he taught earlier in the day."I suspect that most of my students still don't understand the concepts I was trying to teach them," he thinks. 
C) Mr.Lucas asks his students to read Chapter 5 in their textbooks over the weekend."You'll find that the chapter is more challenging than previous ones," he says. 
D) As Ms.Robinson takes a group of children hiking, she gathers leaves from maple, oak, and elm trees and points out the ways in which the leaves from the trees are distinctly different. 
A) Ms.O'Brien insists that students sit quietly at their desks before she dismisses them for lunch. 
B) Mr.James reflects on the lesson he taught earlier in the day."I suspect that most of my students still don't understand the concepts I was trying to teach them," he thinks. 
C) Mr.Lucas asks his students to read Chapter 5 in their textbooks over the weekend."You'll find that the chapter is more challenging than previous ones," he says. 
D) As Ms.Robinson takes a group of children hiking, she gathers leaves from maple, oak, and elm trees and points out the ways in which the leaves from the trees are distinctly different.

Question 8

Carl can correctly answer a question such as, "If all flegs are blats, and if all blats are dulms, are all flegs also dulms?" From Piaget's perspective, Carl must be in which one of the following stages of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) Preoperational 
B) Formal operational 
C) Sensorimotor 
D) Concrete operational 
A) Preoperational 
B) Formal operational 
C) Sensorimotor 
D) Concrete operational

Question 9

Which one of the following examples illustrates a cognitive apprenticeship in mathematics?

Accepted Answer

A) Mr.Ferguson gives students numerous word problems involving addition until they can solve such problems easily. 
B) Mr.Johnson and a student work together to solve a challenging word problem, with Mr.Johnson modeling effective ways of thinking about the problem. 
C) Ms.Lupinsky asks students to do easy word problems as a way of boosting their self-confidence for the more difficult problems that will soon follow. 
D) Ms.Pang individualizes the word problems she gives each student, depending on each one's present skill level. 
A) Mr.Ferguson gives students numerous word problems involving addition until they can solve such problems easily. 
B) Mr.Johnson and a student work together to solve a challenging word problem, with Mr.Johnson modeling effective ways of thinking about the problem. 
C) Ms.Lupinsky asks students to do easy word problems as a way of boosting their self-confidence for the more difficult problems that will soon follow. 
D) Ms.Pang individualizes the word problems she gives each student, depending on each one's present skill level.

Question 10

From Piaget's perspective, why might it be wise to postpone the teaching of complex fractions until middle school or high school?

Accepted Answer

A) Younger students don't know their math facts well enough. 
B) Younger students cannot learn complex equations. 
C) Younger students haven't acquired conservation. 
D) Younger students haven't acquired proportional reasoning. 
A) Younger students don't know their math facts well enough. 
B) Younger students cannot learn complex equations. 
C) Younger students haven't acquired conservation. 
D) Younger students haven't acquired proportional reasoning.

Question 11

Several parents who are making costumes for an elementary school play ask the young cast members to assist them with such tasks as cutting fabric, pinning pieces together, and sewing simple hems.Using the language of Vygotskian theorists, we can say that the parents are

Accepted Answer

A) Presenting tasks that exceed the students' zone of proximal development 
B) Encouraging the separation of thought and language 
C) Engaging the students in guided participation 
D) Creating a cognitive apprenticeship 
A) Presenting tasks that exceed the students' zone of proximal development 
B) Encouraging the separation of thought and language 
C) Engaging the students in guided participation 
D) Creating a cognitive apprenticeship

Question 12

Most developmental theorists agree that:

Accepted Answer

A) Development occurs at a smooth, constant rate throughout childhood and early adolescence; it begins to slow down in the high school years. 
B) Developmental milestones appear in a consistent sequence for most children. 
C) Physical development occurs in a predictable sequence, but cognitive development does not. 
D) Cognitive development occurs in a predictable sequence, but physical development does not. 
A) Development occurs at a smooth, constant rate throughout childhood and early adolescence; it begins to slow down in the high school years. 
B) Developmental milestones appear in a consistent sequence for most children. 
C) Physical development occurs in a predictable sequence, but cognitive development does not. 
D) Cognitive development occurs in a predictable sequence, but physical development does not.

Question 13

Which one of the following best illustrates how sociocognitive conflict might promote cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) Two children work together on a crossword puzzle that includes the week's new spelling words. 
B) A teenage boy worries that his friends might think he's a nerd if he refuses a can of beer at a party. 
C) The students in a cooperative learning group debate different ways of solving a difficult math problem. 
D) Two students help each other prepare for a quiz by giving each other practice test questions. 
A) Two children work together on a crossword puzzle that includes the week's new spelling words. 
B) A teenage boy worries that his friends might think he's a nerd if he refuses a can of beer at a party. 
C) The students in a cooperative learning group debate different ways of solving a difficult math problem. 
D) Two students help each other prepare for a quiz by giving each other practice test questions.

Question 14

Which one of the following statements best captures the nature of cognitive academic language proficiency in describing English language learners?

Accepted Answer

A) An ability to learn as well as native English speakers in English-only classrooms 
B) An ability to carry on conversations about day-to-day topics with teachers and peers 
C) An ability to read and understand English texts that are written at a first-grade level 
D) An ability to read and understand English texts that are written at a fifth-grade level 
A) An ability to learn as well as native English speakers in English-only classrooms 
B) An ability to carry on conversations about day-to-day topics with teachers and peers 
C) An ability to read and understand English texts that are written at a first-grade level 
D) An ability to read and understand English texts that are written at a fifth-grade level

Question 15

Piaget's sensorimotor stage is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A) The beginnings of deductive logic 
B) Inaccurate mental representations of the surrounding world 
C) Schemes based primarily on perceptions and behaviors 
D) Rudimentary schemes for dealing with abstract ideas 
A) The beginnings of deductive logic 
B) Inaccurate mental representations of the surrounding world 
C) Schemes based primarily on perceptions and behaviors 
D) Rudimentary schemes for dealing with abstract ideas

Question 16

Roger is shown two piles of sand and says that each pile has the same amount. However, when one pile is flattened with a shovel, he now claims emphatically that the flattened pile has less sand.Based on this information, Roger is probably in Piaget's
Stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A) concrete operations 
B) sensorimotor 
C) formal operations 
D) preoperational 
A) concrete operations 
B) sensorimotor 
C) formal operations 
D) preoperational

Question 17

The following four junior high school science teachers are teaching the concept molecule to their students.In each classroom, some of the students have acquired formal operational reasoning abilities, whereas others think in a concrete operational manner.In which classroom are the concrete operational students most likely to have difficulty understanding?

Accepted Answer

A) Mr.Armani lets students touch and manipulate concrete models of various molecules. 
B) Mr.Bendetti lets students look at the same concrete models that Mr.Armani has used. 
C) Mr.Carmen verbally describes how different elements are made up of different numbers of neutrons, protons, and electrons. 
D) Mr.Davidson has students role-play being neutrons, protons, and electrons.The "neutron" and "proton" students huddle together in the middle of the room, and the "electrons" move around them. 
A) Mr.Armani lets students touch and manipulate concrete models of various molecules. 
B) Mr.Bendetti lets students look at the same concrete models that Mr.Armani has used. 
C) Mr.Carmen verbally describes how different elements are made up of different numbers of neutrons, protons, and electrons. 
D) Mr.Davidson has students role-play being neutrons, protons, and electrons.The "neutron" and "proton" students huddle together in the middle of the room, and the "electrons" move around them.

Question 18

Five-year-old Becky is playing with blocks, stacking them one on top of another until her towers eventually tumble, and then stacking them again.Which one of the following best reflects Piaget's view of how Becky is probably learning in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) Because she is probably still in the sensorimotor stage, she will remember what she learns about the blocks only while the blocks are still in front of her. 
B) She is absorbing information about how the environment behaves 
C) She is actively thinking about and interpreting the results of her actions. 
D) Because she builds one tower after another, she is obviously reinforced by watching her towers tumble down. 
E) g., "objects fall")without consciously thinking about it. 
A) Because she is probably still in the sensorimotor stage, she will remember what she learns about the blocks only while the blocks are still in front of her. 
B) She is absorbing information about how the environment behaves 
C) She is actively thinking about and interpreting the results of her actions. 
D) Because she builds one tower after another, she is obviously reinforced by watching her towers tumble down. 
E) g., "objects fall")without consciously thinking about it.

Question 19

Three of the following are common outcomes of learning two languages rather than only one in the early years of life.Which one is not necessarily an outcome of bilingualism?

Accepted Answer

A) Greater phonological awareness 
B) More advanced cognitive functioning 
C) Less mastery of each of the two languages 
D) Ability to maintain good social relationships with different groups of people 
A) Greater phonological awareness 
B) More advanced cognitive functioning 
C) Less mastery of each of the two languages 
D) Ability to maintain good social relationships with different groups of people

Question 20

Which one of the following students is definitely working in his or her zone of proximal development?

Accepted Answer

A) Arnold uses correct grammar and punctuation when he writes short stories. 
B) Berta is beginning to learn basic woodworking techniques.She has trouble hammering a nail straight into a piece of wood unless her teacher stands beside her, helping her and reminding her of what to do. 
C) Calvin is playing the clarinet in the band.He finds that he can more easily keep the tempo if he taps the beat with his foot. 
D) Doreen finds it virtually impossible to solve mathematical word problems, even when her teacher gives her helpful hints. 
A) Arnold uses correct grammar and punctuation when he writes short stories. 
B) Berta is beginning to learn basic woodworking techniques.She has trouble hammering a nail straight into a piece of wood unless her teacher stands beside her, helping her and reminding her of what to do. 
C) Calvin is playing the clarinet in the band.He finds that he can more easily keep the tempo if he taps the beat with his foot. 
D) Doreen finds it virtually impossible to solve mathematical word problems, even when her teacher gives her helpful hints.

Which one of the following reflects class inclusion as Piaget described it?

In the human brain, a great deal of synaptic pruning occurs in early childhood.This pruning appears to be:

Which one of the following examples most clearly illustrates a cognitive apprenticeship?

Considering what research tells us regarding children's language development, we should expect elementary school children to have the greatest difficulty understanding the meaning of which one of the following words?

Which one of the following do Piaget and Vygotsky agree is essential for children's cognitive development?

Which one of the following is the best example of pragmatics in language?

Which one of the following is the best example of a mediated learning experience?

Carl can correctly answer a question such as, "If all flegs are blats, and if all blats are dulms, are all flegs also dulms?" From Piaget's perspective, Carl must be in which one of the following stages of cognitive development?

Which one of the following examples illustrates a cognitive apprenticeship in mathematics?

From Piaget's perspective, why might it be wise to postpone the teaching of complex fractions until middle school or high school?

Several parents who are making costumes for an elementary school play ask the young cast members to assist them with such tasks as cutting fabric, pinning pieces together, and sewing simple hems.Using the language of Vygotskian theorists, we can say that the parents are

Most developmental theorists agree that:

Which one of the following best illustrates how sociocognitive conflict might promote cognitive development?

Which one of the following statements best captures the nature of cognitive academic language proficiency in describing English language learners?

Piaget's sensorimotor stage is characterized by:

Roger is shown two piles of sand and says that each pile has the same amount. However, when one pile is flattened with a shovel, he now claims emphatically that the flattened pile has less sand.Based on this information, Roger is probably in Piaget's Stage of development.

Five-year-old Becky is playing with blocks, stacking them one on top of another until her towers eventually tumble, and then stacking them again.Which one of the following best reflects Piaget's view of how Becky is probably learning in this situation?

Three of the following are common outcomes of learning two languages rather than only one in the early years of life.Which one is not necessarily an outcome of bilingualism?

Which one of the following students is definitely working in his or her zone of proximal development?

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Complex Cognitive Processes

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters

Exam 2: Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Which one of the following reflects class inclusion as Piaget described it?

In the human brain, a great deal of synaptic pruning occurs in early childhood.This pruning appears to be:

Which one of the following examples most clearly illustrates a cognitive apprenticeship?

Considering what research tells us regarding children's language development, we should expect elementary school children to have the greatest difficulty understanding the meaning of which one of the following words?

Which one of the following do Piaget and Vygotsky agree is essential for children's cognitive development?

Which one of the following is the best example of pragmatics in language?

Which one of the following is the best example of a mediated learning experience?

Carl can correctly answer a question such as, "If all flegs are blats, and if all blats are dulms, are all flegs also dulms?" From Piaget's perspective, Carl must be in which one of the following stages of cognitive development?

Which one of the following examples illustrates a cognitive apprenticeship in mathematics?

From Piaget's perspective, why might it be wise to postpone the teaching of complex fractions until middle school or high school?

Several parents who are making costumes for an elementary school play ask the young cast members to assist them with such tasks as cutting fabric, pinning pieces together, and sewing simple hems.Using the language of Vygotskian theorists, we can say that the parents are

Most developmental theorists agree that:

Which one of the following best illustrates how sociocognitive conflict might promote cognitive development?

Which one of the following statements best captures the nature of cognitive academic language proficiency in describing English language learners?

Piaget's sensorimotor stage is characterized by:

Roger is shown two piles of sand and says that each pile has the same amount. However, when one pile is flattened with a shovel, he now claims emphatically that the flattened pile has less sand.Based on this information, Roger is probably in Piaget's Stage of development.

Five-year-old Becky is playing with blocks, stacking them one on top of another until her towers eventually tumble, and then stacking them again.Which one of the following best reflects Piaget's view of how Becky is probably learning in this situation?

Three of the following are common outcomes of learning two languages rather than only one in the early years of life.Which one is not necessarily an outcome of bilingualism?

Which one of the following students is definitely working in his or her zone of proximal development?

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Complex Cognitive Processes

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters