Question 1

Research regarding learning a second language yields which one of the following conclusions?

Accepted Answer

A) The ability to learn a second language increases with age until adulthood, when it starts to decline. 
B) The ability to learn a second language increases with age until adolescence, when it starts to decline. 
C) The ability to learn a second language is greatest before age 4. 
D) At this point, it appears that there is no single "best" time to learn a second language. 
A) The ability to learn a second language increases with age until adulthood, when it starts to decline. 
B) The ability to learn a second language increases with age until adolescence, when it starts to decline. 
C) The ability to learn a second language is greatest before age 4. 
D) At this point, it appears that there is no single "best" time to learn a second language.

Question 2

According to Piaget, three of the following are essential for cognitive development.Which one is not?

Accepted Answer

A) High self-esteem 
B) Brain maturation 
C) Social interaction 
D) Interaction with the physical environment 
A) High self-esteem 
B) Brain maturation 
C) Social interaction 
D) Interaction with the physical environment

Question 3

From a Vygotskian perspective, scaffolding serves what purpose in instruction?

Accepted Answer

A) It gives students an idea of what they need to do to get good grades. 
B) It keeps school tasks within students' actual developmental levels. 
C) It lets students learn by watching one another. 
D) It supports students as they perform difficult tasks. 
A) It gives students an idea of what they need to do to get good grades. 
B) It keeps school tasks within students' actual developmental levels. 
C) It lets students learn by watching one another. 
D) It supports students as they perform difficult tasks.

Question 4

In North America, which approach appears to be most effective for teaching English speakers a second language?

Accepted Answer

A) Let them talk with native speakers of the language, who should alternate between using English and the other language. 
B) Teach it to them before kindergarten if possible, because they quickly lose their ability to learn a second language fluently after that. 
C) Immerse them in the second language, having them hear and speak it exclusively in all classroom activities. 
D) Wait until they reach Piaget's formal operations stage so that they can better grasp the subtleties of the new language. 
A) Let them talk with native speakers of the language, who should alternate between using English and the other language. 
B) Teach it to them before kindergarten if possible, because they quickly lose their ability to learn a second language fluently after that. 
C) Immerse them in the second language, having them hear and speak it exclusively in all classroom activities. 
D) Wait until they reach Piaget's formal operations stage so that they can better grasp the subtleties of the new language.

Question 5

Olivia understands why 3/5 and 9/15 are equivalent fractions.Based on this information, from Piaget's perspective Olivia is probably in the stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A) concrete operations 
B) preoperational 
C) sensorimotor 
D) formal operations 
A) concrete operations 
B) preoperational 
C) sensorimotor 
D) formal operations

Question 6

Central to Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development is the idea that children increasingly make better sense of their world:

Accepted Answer

A) Through the mental processes of assimilation and accommodation 
B) By repeatedly encountering both pleasant and unpleasant events in their daily lives 
C) Through their independent explorations of their physical and social environments 
D) By interacting with more experienced people who mediate their understandings 
A) Through the mental processes of assimilation and accommodation 
B) By repeatedly encountering both pleasant and unpleasant events in their daily lives 
C) Through their independent explorations of their physical and social environments 
D) By interacting with more experienced people who mediate their understandings

Question 7

Which one of the following conclusions can be derived from research findings regarding Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) Middle school and secondary school students typically have an easier time thinking logically in the social sciences than they do in the physical and life sciences. 
B) Students will think more logically about a topic when they have acquired relevant knowledge and experiences related to the topic. 
C) Many students continue to show signs of preoperational thinking until well into the high school years. 
D) Students have an easier time understanding fractions and proportions later on if such concepts are first introduced at the same time that division is introduced 
E) g., in third grade). 
A) Middle school and secondary school students typically have an easier time thinking logically in the social sciences than they do in the physical and life sciences. 
B) Students will think more logically about a topic when they have acquired relevant knowledge and experiences related to the topic. 
C) Many students continue to show signs of preoperational thinking until well into the high school years. 
D) Students have an easier time understanding fractions and proportions later on if such concepts are first introduced at the same time that division is introduced 
E) g., in third grade).

Question 8

Which one of the following best describes how neurons transmit messages to one another?

Accepted Answer

A) By stimulating the flow of blood in nearby blood vessels 
B) By attaching themselves to the same terminal buttons 
C) By fusing the axon of one with a dendrite of another 
D) By sending chemical substances across a tiny gap between them 
A) By stimulating the flow of blood in nearby blood vessels 
B) By attaching themselves to the same terminal buttons 
C) By fusing the axon of one with a dendrite of another 
D) By sending chemical substances across a tiny gap between them

Question 9

Three of the following statements describe common forms of diversity you might see in children's language development.Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Children from some African American communities are especially advanced in their use of figurative language. 
B) Children with specific language impairments rarely speak, primarily because of an inherited disposition to be shy and fearful. 
C) Children from different cultural groups may have different ideas about how to act politely during conversations. 
D) Some children have larger vocabularies than others, in part as a result of the kinds of words they've encountered in their early experiences. 
A) Children from some African American communities are especially advanced in their use of figurative language. 
B) Children with specific language impairments rarely speak, primarily because of an inherited disposition to be shy and fearful. 
C) Children from different cultural groups may have different ideas about how to act politely during conversations. 
D) Some children have larger vocabularies than others, in part as a result of the kinds of words they've encountered in their early experiences.

Question 10

In Vygotsky's view, opportunities to engage in pretend play

Accepted Answer

A) They allow children to practice adult behaviors. 
B) They can help children shed their preoperational egocentrism. 
C) They are highly enjoyable but have little impact on cognitive development. 
D) They foster traditional gender stereotypes. 
E) g., playing "house" or "doctor")have which one of the following effects? 
A) They allow children to practice adult behaviors. 
B) They can help children shed their preoperational egocentrism. 
C) They are highly enjoyable but have little impact on cognitive development. 
D) They foster traditional gender stereotypes. 
E) g., playing "house" or "doctor")have which one of the following effects?

Question 11

If you were a high school English teacher who wanted your students to acquire knowledge of especially advanced syntactical sentence structures, your best course of action would be to:

Accepted Answer

A) Specifically teach them these structures 
B) Teach them a wide variety of little-used English vocabulary words 
C) Teach them the basics of a language very different from English-perhaps Arabic or Chinese 
D) Wait until these structures emerge naturally-something that is likely to happen simply as a result of brain maturation 
A) Specifically teach them these structures 
B) Teach them a wide variety of little-used English vocabulary words 
C) Teach them the basics of a language very different from English-perhaps Arabic or Chinese 
D) Wait until these structures emerge naturally-something that is likely to happen simply as a result of brain maturation

Question 12

A sensitive period in development can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) A stage of development in which children display unpredictable and often inappropriate)emotional responses 
B) A period during children's cognitive development in which they are highly distractible and so are frequently off-task in the classroom 
C) An approach to teaching or parenting that takes a child's developmental level into account 
D) An age range during which environmental conditions are most likely to have an effect on a particular aspect of a child's development 
A) A stage of development in which children display unpredictable and often inappropriate)emotional responses 
B) A period during children's cognitive development in which they are highly distractible and so are frequently off-task in the classroom 
C) An approach to teaching or parenting that takes a child's developmental level into account 
D) An age range during which environmental conditions are most likely to have an effect on a particular aspect of a child's development

Question 13

Eight-year-old Julie lives in a rural area where many people are farmers or in some other way make their living through agriculture.After a lengthy summer drought, it begins to rain heavily one day in late July."Thank goodness!" Julie hears her father exclaim."Our prayers have finally been answered!" Julie makes a mental note of the cause-and-effect relationship her father has implied.This situation illustrates Vygotsky's belief that:

Accepted Answer

A) Adults pass along to children the ways in which their culture interprets events. 
B) Children's level of potential development is always a bit higher than their actual developmental level. 
C) Children acquire more knowledge and skills when scaffolding is kept to a minimum. 
D) Thought and language are distinct processes in the early years of life. 
A) Adults pass along to children the ways in which their culture interprets events. 
B) Children's level of potential development is always a bit higher than their actual developmental level. 
C) Children acquire more knowledge and skills when scaffolding is kept to a minimum. 
D) Thought and language are distinct processes in the early years of life.

Question 14

Which one of the following best illustrates Piaget's concept of accommodation?

Accepted Answer

A) After Amanda solves a set of 10 addition problems carelessly and incorrectly, she is given 10 more problems to solve. 
B) Betsy writes down her definition of a mollusk-something she learned word-for- word from her textbook. 
C) Carol copies what her teacher writes on the chalkboard. 
D) Donna revises her understanding of what clouds are like when she studies them in science. 
A) After Amanda solves a set of 10 addition problems carelessly and incorrectly, she is given 10 more problems to solve. 
B) Betsy writes down her definition of a mollusk-something she learned word-for- word from her textbook. 
C) Carol copies what her teacher writes on the chalkboard. 
D) Donna revises her understanding of what clouds are like when she studies them in science.

Question 15

Kiley is having trouble learning the steps involved in using a microscope correctly.If we consider Vygotsky's description of how children help themselves through difficult tasks, we should suggest that Kiley:

Accepted Answer

A) Practice each step separately many times over 
B) Go through the procedure a few times in slow motion 
C) Talk herself through the steps 
D) Learn the reasons why each step is important 
A) Practice each step separately many times over 
B) Go through the procedure a few times in slow motion 
C) Talk herself through the steps 
D) Learn the reasons why each step is important

Question 16

From Vygotsky's perspective, what important role does inner speech play in children's thinking and cognitive development?

Accepted Answer

A) By giving themselves directions about what to do next, children guide themselves through complex tasks. 
B) By using words mentally as well as orally, children develop more abstract representations of the world. 
C) By practicing various grammatical structures mentally, children acquire more complex language capabilities. 
D) By talking to themselves about what they should have done or said in a particular situation, children remember the situation more vividly. 
A) By giving themselves directions about what to do next, children guide themselves through complex tasks. 
B) By using words mentally as well as orally, children develop more abstract representations of the world. 
C) By practicing various grammatical structures mentally, children acquire more complex language capabilities. 
D) By talking to themselves about what they should have done or said in a particular situation, children remember the situation more vividly.

Question 17

Piaget's processes of assimilation and accommodation both involve:

Accepted Answer

A) Oral communication skills 
B) Concrete operational thought 
C) Relating new information to prior knowledge 
D) Abstract thought processes such as inductive reasoning 
A) Oral communication skills 
B) Concrete operational thought 
C) Relating new information to prior knowledge 
D) Abstract thought processes such as inductive reasoning

Question 18

Which one of the following statements reflects a concern about the separation and control of variables?

Accepted Answer

A) "How do you think I should make amends with Martha? If I tell her I'm sorry, she might think I'm lying." 
B) "I'm catching more tadpoles today, but I don't know if it's because I'm using a larger container to catch them or because I'm working in a different part of the frog pond." 
C) "I have two tests to study for tonight-science and Spanish.I'll study one subject before dinner and the other one after dinner so I don't get them confused." 
D) "I'm trying to learn how to do a lay-up shot.Can you show me all the things I should do, going one step at a time?" 
A) "How do you think I should make amends with Martha? If I tell her I'm sorry, she might think I'm lying." 
B) "I'm catching more tadpoles today, but I don't know if it's because I'm using a larger container to catch them or because I'm working in a different part of the frog pond." 
C) "I have two tests to study for tonight-science and Spanish.I'll study one subject before dinner and the other one after dinner so I don't get them confused." 
D) "I'm trying to learn how to do a lay-up shot.Can you show me all the things I should do, going one step at a time?"

Question 19

As a high school music teacher plays a recording of Ferde Grofé's symphony Grand Canyon Suite for his class, he asks his students to visualize scenes that Grofé tried to capture with music: a sunrise over the Grand Canyon, a burro ride down a winding trail, a thunderstorm, and so on.From a Vygotskian perspective, this lesson could best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) Guided participation 
B) A mediated learning experience 
C) A lesson at students' actual developmental level 
D) A lesson at students' level of potential development 
A) Guided participation 
B) A mediated learning experience 
C) A lesson at students' actual developmental level 
D) A lesson at students' level of potential development

Question 20

Piaget's view of cognitive development can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A) A gradual and steady progression of intellectual capabilities 
B) Changes in the brain that enable increasingly rapid learning 
C) An increasing number of stimulus-response connections over time 
D) Discrete stages in which distinctly different forms of logical thought emerge 
A) A gradual and steady progression of intellectual capabilities 
B) Changes in the brain that enable increasingly rapid learning 
C) An increasing number of stimulus-response connections over time 
D) Discrete stages in which distinctly different forms of logical thought emerge

Research regarding learning a second language yields which one of the following conclusions?

According to Piaget, three of the following are essential for cognitive development.Which one is not?

From a Vygotskian perspective, scaffolding serves what purpose in instruction?

In North America, which approach appears to be most effective for teaching English speakers a second language?

Olivia understands why 3/5 and 9/15 are equivalent fractions.Based on this information, from Piaget's perspective Olivia is probably in the stage of development.

Central to Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development is the idea that children increasingly make better sense of their world:

Which one of the following conclusions can be derived from research findings regarding Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Which one of the following best describes how neurons transmit messages to one another?

Three of the following statements describe common forms of diversity you might see in children's language development.Which statement is false?

In Vygotsky's view, opportunities to engage in pretend play

If you were a high school English teacher who wanted your students to acquire knowledge of especially advanced syntactical sentence structures, your best course of action would be to:

A sensitive period in development can best be described as:

Which one of the following best illustrates Piaget's concept of accommodation?

Kiley is having trouble learning the steps involved in using a microscope correctly.If we consider Vygotsky's description of how children help themselves through difficult tasks, we should suggest that Kiley:

From Vygotsky's perspective, what important role does inner speech play in children's thinking and cognitive development?

Piaget's processes of assimilation and accommodation both involve:

Which one of the following statements reflects a concern about the separation and control of variables?

Piaget's view of cognitive development can best be described as:

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Complex Cognitive Processes

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters

Exam 2: Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Research regarding learning a second language yields which one of the following conclusions?

According to Piaget, three of the following are essential for cognitive development.Which one is not?

From a Vygotskian perspective, scaffolding serves what purpose in instruction?

In North America, which approach appears to be most effective for teaching English speakers a second language?

Olivia understands why 3/5 and 9/15 are equivalent fractions.Based on this information, from Piaget's perspective Olivia is probably in the stage of development.

Central to Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development is the idea that children increasingly make better sense of their world:

Which one of the following conclusions can be derived from research findings regarding Piaget's theory of cognitive development?

Which one of the following best describes how neurons transmit messages to one another?

Three of the following statements describe common forms of diversity you might see in children's language development.Which statement is false?

In Vygotsky's view, opportunities to engage in pretend play

If you were a high school English teacher who wanted your students to acquire knowledge of especially advanced syntactical sentence structures, your best course of action would be to:

A sensitive period in development can best be described as:

Which one of the following best illustrates Piaget's concept of accommodation?

Kiley is having trouble learning the steps involved in using a microscope correctly.If we consider Vygotsky's description of how children help themselves through difficult tasks, we should suggest that Kiley:

From Vygotsky's perspective, what important role does inner speech play in children's thinking and cognitive development?

Piaget's processes of assimilation and accommodation both involve:

Which one of the following statements reflects a concern about the separation and control of variables?

Piaget's view of cognitive development can best be described as:

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Complex Cognitive Processes

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters