Question 1

Which one of the following examples illustrates an illusion of knowing?

Accepted Answer

A) Anthony doesn't know how to swim. 
B) Belinda doesn't understand the concept of entropy. 
C) Corissa thinks she understands the concept of inertia, but she really doesn't. 
D) Daryl doesn't think he is a very good tennis player, even though he is the best player on the school tennis team. 
A) Anthony doesn't know how to swim. 
B) Belinda doesn't understand the concept of entropy. 
C) Corissa thinks she understands the concept of inertia, but she really doesn't. 
D) Daryl doesn't think he is a very good tennis player, even though he is the best player on the school tennis team.

Question 2

Which one of the following problems is most likely to be solved with a heuristic rather than an algorithm?

Accepted Answer

A) Resolving an argument 
B) Calculating the volume of a cylinder 
C) Finding the word antonym in the dictionary 
D) Locating books about spiders in the school library 
A) Resolving an argument 
B) Calculating the volume of a cylinder 
C) Finding the word antonym in the dictionary 
D) Locating books about spiders in the school library

Question 3

Considering what research has revealed about transfer, in which of the following situations is transfer least likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A) Students who have studied rules of formal logic are now studying chemistry. 
B) Students who know the basic addition facts are now studying the basic subtraction facts. 
C) Students who have learned to play softball are now learning baseball. 
D) Students who know Spanish are now learning French. 
A) Students who have studied rules of formal logic are now studying chemistry. 
B) Students who know the basic addition facts are now studying the basic subtraction facts. 
C) Students who have learned to play softball are now learning baseball. 
D) Students who know Spanish are now learning French.

Question 4

Which one of the following students is elaborating as he takes notes in class?

Accepted Answer

A) While his math teacher demonstrates a mathematical procedure on the chalkboard, Ed writes "Meet Pat after school" in the margin of his notebook. 
B) Jason uses shorthand to record everything his science teacher says, hoping that it will all make sense when he reads it later. 
C) In his Spanish class, Hugh writes each new vocabulary word in his notebook at least three times to help him remember it. 
D) In science, Frank is taking notes about how water expands when it freezes and adds, "That's why our fish tank broke when I left it outside last winter." 
A) While his math teacher demonstrates a mathematical procedure on the chalkboard, Ed writes "Meet Pat after school" in the margin of his notebook. 
B) Jason uses shorthand to record everything his science teacher says, hoping that it will all make sense when he reads it later. 
C) In his Spanish class, Hugh writes each new vocabulary word in his notebook at least three times to help him remember it. 
D) In science, Frank is taking notes about how water expands when it freezes and adds, "That's why our fish tank broke when I left it outside last winter."

Question 5

Which one of the following is the best example of general transfer?

Accepted Answer

A) Iris is trying to learn how to ride a bicycle, and she uses the pedaling motion she learned while riding a tricycle. 
B) Melinda is trying to learn the 27 amendments to the U.S.Constitution, so she makes up a memory trick similar to one she used when she had to learn the 12 cranial nerves in biology. 
C) Polly is trying to learn division facts and suddenly realizes that these facts are simply the reverse of facts she learned when she studied multiplication. 
D) Thomas is learning how to play a new computer game in his homeroom class and uses the same "jump and shoot" strategy he learned while playing video games at home. 
A) Iris is trying to learn how to ride a bicycle, and she uses the pedaling motion she learned while riding a tricycle. 
B) Melinda is trying to learn the 27 amendments to the U.S.Constitution, so she makes up a memory trick similar to one she used when she had to learn the 12 cranial nerves in biology. 
C) Polly is trying to learn division facts and suddenly realizes that these facts are simply the reverse of facts she learned when she studied multiplication. 
D) Thomas is learning how to play a new computer game in his homeroom class and uses the same "jump and shoot" strategy he learned while playing video games at home.

Question 6

Which one of the following is the best illustration of metacognition?

Accepted Answer

A) Andrea is studying for a spelling test.She writes each spelling word five times in her nicest handwriting. 
B) Betsy stays up late studying for a geography test.The following morning in school, she is too tired to think straight during the test. 
C) Connie is preparing to take the SAT Reasoning Test, so she checks out an SAT preparation book from the local library and reads it from cover to cover. 
D) Dolly is studying for a history test.She knows that she has trouble with dates, so she checks herself by giving herself a short quiz after each chapter. 
A) Andrea is studying for a spelling test.She writes each spelling word five times in her nicest handwriting. 
B) Betsy stays up late studying for a geography test.The following morning in school, she is too tired to think straight during the test. 
C) Connie is preparing to take the SAT Reasoning Test, so she checks out an SAT preparation book from the local library and reads it from cover to cover. 
D) Dolly is studying for a history test.She knows that she has trouble with dates, so she checks herself by giving herself a short quiz after each chapter.

Question 7

Three of the following strategies illustrate the use of metacognitive processes in problem solving.Which strategy is least metacognitive in nature?

Accepted Answer

A) Breaking a complex problem into smaller, easier subproblems 
B) Continually monitoring progress toward problem solution 
C) Identifying a logical approach to solving a problem 
D) Looking up the correct answer at the back of the textbook 
A) Breaking a complex problem into smaller, easier subproblems 
B) Continually monitoring progress toward problem solution 
C) Identifying a logical approach to solving a problem 
D) Looking up the correct answer at the back of the textbook

Question 8

Students' epistemic beliefs can best be described as students' views about:

Accepted Answer

A) What knowledge is and how it is acquired 
B) Which careers are most suitable for their abilities and talents 
C) How long they are likely to remember the things they learn in school 
D) What instructional techniques are most likely to help them learn classroom material 
A) What knowledge is and how it is acquired 
B) Which careers are most suitable for their abilities and talents 
C) How long they are likely to remember the things they learn in school 
D) What instructional techniques are most likely to help them learn classroom material

Question 9

Which one of the following recommendations is consistent with current beliefs about transfer?

Accepted Answer

A) "Take computer programming to help you develop your analytical thinking skills." 
B) "Study German so you'll have an easier time learning Japanese next year." 
C) "Studying calculus will help you think more abstractly about the various subjects you will study in college." 
D) "Use your knowledge of algebra to solve this chemistry equation." 
A) "Take computer programming to help you develop your analytical thinking skills." 
B) "Study German so you'll have an easier time learning Japanese next year." 
C) "Studying calculus will help you think more abstractly about the various subjects you will study in college." 
D) "Use your knowledge of algebra to solve this chemistry equation."

Question 10

Which one of the following is the best example of negative transfer?

Accepted Answer

A) Nellie sees five squared 52)in her math book and reads it as "fifty-two." 
B) Fred knows he can get Bs in his classes without having to study at all. 
C) José is trying to remember when World War II began, so he recalls all he can about European history and correctly concludes that the war must have begun in the late 1930s. 
D) Eleanor wants to tie a string securely to her pencil so that she can hang it from her notebook, but she has forgotten how to tie a square knot. 
A) Nellie sees five squared 52)in her math book and reads it as "fifty-two." 
B) Fred knows he can get Bs in his classes without having to study at all. 
C) José is trying to remember when World War II began, so he recalls all he can about European history and correctly concludes that the war must have begun in the late 1930s. 
D) Eleanor wants to tie a string securely to her pencil so that she can hang it from her notebook, but she has forgotten how to tie a square knot.

Question 11

Three of the following strategies should help students encode problems correctly before trying to solve them.Which one is unlikely to do so?

Accepted Answer

A) Make problems concrete for students. 
B) Have students draw a picture of the problem. 
C) Have students work exclusively on one kind of problem at a time. 
D) Point out parts of a problem that students already know how to solve. 
A) Make problems concrete for students. 
B) Have students draw a picture of the problem. 
C) Have students work exclusively on one kind of problem at a time. 
D) Point out parts of a problem that students already know how to solve.

Question 12

Which one of the following is a higher-level question?

Accepted Answer

A) "Can you remember the three categories of rocks that we studied yesterday?" 
B) "Now that I have done one multiplication problem on the board, can you do the next two multiplication problems?" 
C) "Can you use what we learned about snakes and what we know about climate in North America to guess where this snake might live?" 
D) "Here are the same rocks we looked at yesterday.Can you sort them into three piles-sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic-the way we did yesterday?" 
A) "Can you remember the three categories of rocks that we studied yesterday?" 
B) "Now that I have done one multiplication problem on the board, can you do the next two multiplication problems?" 
C) "Can you use what we learned about snakes and what we know about climate in North America to guess where this snake might live?" 
D) "Here are the same rocks we looked at yesterday.Can you sort them into three piles-sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic-the way we did yesterday?"

Question 13

If you wanted students to learn how to critically evaluate what they read on Internet websites, you would be most likely to:

Accepted Answer

A) Ask students to consider the motives of the people creating the websites 
B) Suggest that students check to see how recently the information was posted on the websites 
C) Urge students to disregard any websites that aren't sponsored by an organization they've heard of 
D) Tell students that websites with eye-catching graphics are usually designed by professionals and therefore offer credible information 
A) Ask students to consider the motives of the people creating the websites 
B) Suggest that students check to see how recently the information was posted on the websites 
C) Urge students to disregard any websites that aren't sponsored by an organization they've heard of 
D) Tell students that websites with eye-catching graphics are usually designed by professionals and therefore offer credible information

Question 14

Which one of the following students is most clearly engaging in critical thinking?

Accepted Answer

A) Louise has a puzzled look as she reads her textbook."I don't understand what the author is trying to say," she thinks. 
B) Before turning in his astronomy test, Sam rereads his responses to the test's three essay questions."I'm pretty sure I answered the first two questions correctly," he tells himself, "but I'm not sure about the last question." 
C) Raul jumps at the chance to learn how to use desktop publishing software."I'm particularly interested in learning how to integrate text and graphics," he tells his teacher. 
D) As Morgan watches her lab partner experiment with a pendulum, she says, "You just changed the length of the string at the same time you added more weight.That won't tell us anything." 
A) Louise has a puzzled look as she reads her textbook."I don't understand what the author is trying to say," she thinks. 
B) Before turning in his astronomy test, Sam rereads his responses to the test's three essay questions."I'm pretty sure I answered the first two questions correctly," he tells himself, "but I'm not sure about the last question." 
C) Raul jumps at the chance to learn how to use desktop publishing software."I'm particularly interested in learning how to integrate text and graphics," he tells his teacher. 
D) As Morgan watches her lab partner experiment with a pendulum, she says, "You just changed the length of the string at the same time you added more weight.That won't tell us anything."

Question 15

Three of the following strategies should promote students' creative behavior.Which one is unlikely to promote creativity?

Accepted Answer

A) Encouraging students to feel proud of their creative accomplishments. 
B) Introducing a subject in class and then intentionally stopping when students have only a partial understanding of it. 
C) Asking questions that get students thinking about classroom material in a different way than they might otherwise. 
D) Reminding students that occasional failures are an inevitable part of the creative process. 
A) Encouraging students to feel proud of their creative accomplishments. 
B) Introducing a subject in class and then intentionally stopping when students have only a partial understanding of it. 
C) Asking questions that get students thinking about classroom material in a different way than they might otherwise. 
D) Reminding students that occasional failures are an inevitable part of the creative process.

Question 16

Three of the following strategies should help your students solve ill-defined problems more effectively.Which strategy is least likely to be useful to them?

Accepted Answer

A) Teach them to break a problem into several smaller, better-defined problems. 
B) Suggest that they begin by brainstorming a variety of possible approaches to solving the problem. 
C) Teach them how to use the library or Internet to find any information they may need to solve the problem. 
D) If they get overly frustrated with the problem, give them the correct answer and explain the algorithm you used to find it. 
A) Teach them to break a problem into several smaller, better-defined problems. 
B) Suggest that they begin by brainstorming a variety of possible approaches to solving the problem. 
C) Teach them how to use the library or Internet to find any information they may need to solve the problem. 
D) If they get overly frustrated with the problem, give them the correct answer and explain the algorithm you used to find it.

Question 17

Which one of the following problems is the best example of an ill-defined problem?

Accepted Answer

A) Determining the average of a group of test scores 
B) Helping a friend whose feelings have been hurt 
C) Clearing a driveway after a snowstorm 
D) Staying dry in a rainstorm 
A) Determining the average of a group of test scores 
B) Helping a friend whose feelings have been hurt 
C) Clearing a driveway after a snowstorm 
D) Staying dry in a rainstorm

Question 18

Mary is majoring in drama.Mary's parents want her to study advanced mathematics as a way of strengthening her mind; with a stronger mind, they argue, she will be able to learn her lines more easily when she is rehearsing for a play.Based on their reasoning, which one of the following perspectives of transfer do Mary's parents hold?

Accepted Answer

A) Information processing 
B) Situated cognition 
C) Formal discipline 
D) Specific transfer 
A) Information processing 
B) Situated cognition 
C) Formal discipline 
D) Specific transfer

Question 19

In which one of the following situations are we most likely to find transfer from one learning task to the other?

Accepted Answer

A) Alice learns how to add two-digit numbers and then studies how to add three-digit numbers. 
B) Brianne learns how to plant corn and then learns how to prune a hedge. 
C) Cathy learns early British history and then learns early Japanese history. 
D) Devlin learns how to play softball and then learns how to play a card game. 
A) Alice learns how to add two-digit numbers and then studies how to add three-digit numbers. 
B) Brianne learns how to plant corn and then learns how to prune a hedge. 
C) Cathy learns early British history and then learns early Japanese history. 
D) Devlin learns how to play softball and then learns how to play a card game.

Question 20

Which one of the following is the best example of a covert rather than overt)strategy that one might use while studying a textbook chapter?

Accepted Answer

A) Using chapter headings and subheadings to make a rough outline of the chapter 
B) Working hard to keep one's mind from wandering while reading the chapter 
C) Using self-stick notes to mark sections that are hard to understand 
D) Writing a summary of the key ideas in the chapter 
A) Using chapter headings and subheadings to make a rough outline of the chapter 
B) Working hard to keep one's mind from wandering while reading the chapter 
C) Using self-stick notes to mark sections that are hard to understand 
D) Writing a summary of the key ideas in the chapter

Which one of the following examples illustrates an illusion of knowing?

Which one of the following problems is most likely to be solved with a heuristic rather than an algorithm?

Considering what research has revealed about transfer, in which of the following situations is transfer least likely to happen?

Which one of the following students is elaborating as he takes notes in class?

Which one of the following is the best example of general transfer?

Which one of the following is the best illustration of metacognition?

Three of the following strategies illustrate the use of metacognitive processes in problem solving.Which strategy is least metacognitive in nature?

Students' epistemic beliefs can best be described as students' views about:

Which one of the following recommendations is consistent with current beliefs about transfer?

Which one of the following is the best example of negative transfer?

Three of the following strategies should help students encode problems correctly before trying to solve them.Which one is unlikely to do so?

Which one of the following is a higher-level question?

If you wanted students to learn how to critically evaluate what they read on Internet websites, you would be most likely to:

Which one of the following students is most clearly engaging in critical thinking?

Three of the following strategies should promote students' creative behavior.Which one is unlikely to promote creativity?

Three of the following strategies should help your students solve ill-defined problems more effectively.Which strategy is least likely to be useful to them?

Which one of the following problems is the best example of an ill-defined problem?

In which one of the following situations are we most likely to find transfer from one learning task to the other?

Which one of the following is the best example of a covert rather than overt)strategy that one might use while studying a textbook chapter?

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters

Exam 8: Complex Cognitive Processes

Which one of the following examples illustrates an illusion of knowing?

Which one of the following problems is most likely to be solved with a heuristic rather than an algorithm?

Considering what research has revealed about transfer, in which of the following situations is transfer least likely to happen?

Which one of the following students is elaborating as he takes notes in class?

Which one of the following is the best example of general transfer?

Which one of the following is the best illustration of metacognition?

Three of the following strategies illustrate the use of metacognitive processes in problem solving.Which strategy is least metacognitive in nature?

Students' epistemic beliefs can best be described as students' views about:

Which one of the following recommendations is consistent with current beliefs about transfer?

Which one of the following is the best example of negative transfer?

Three of the following strategies should help students encode problems correctly before trying to solve them.Which one is unlikely to do so?

Which one of the following is a higher-level question?

If you wanted students to learn how to critically evaluate what they read on Internet websites, you would be most likely to:

Which one of the following students is most clearly engaging in critical thinking?

Three of the following strategies should promote students' creative behavior.Which one is unlikely to promote creativity?

Three of the following strategies should help your students solve ill-defined problems more effectively.Which strategy is least likely to be useful to them?

Which one of the following problems is the best example of an ill-defined problem?

In which one of the following situations are we most likely to find transfer from one learning task to the other?

Which one of the following is the best example of a covert rather than overt)strategy that one might use while studying a textbook chapter?

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters