Question 1

From the perspective of cognitive psychology, why should we not expect students to solve complex problems in their heads?

Accepted Answer

A) The capacity for complex problem solving does not emerge until late adolescence. 
B) Students' working memories can hold only a few pieces of information at a time. 
C) Asking students to solve complex problems promotes rote memorization rather than meaningful learning. 
D) By trying to solve complex problems in their heads, students are likely to "unlearn" some of the information stored in their long-term memories. 
A) The capacity for complex problem solving does not emerge until late adolescence. 
B) Students' working memories can hold only a few pieces of information at a time. 
C) Asking students to solve complex problems promotes rote memorization rather than meaningful learning. 
D) By trying to solve complex problems in their heads, students are likely to "unlearn" some of the information stored in their long-term memories.

Question 2

Missy is given this problem: Mt.Adams is lower than Mt.Washington.Mt.Adams is higher than Mt.Jefferson.
Which mountain is highest?
Missy reads the fourth word incorrectly-she thinks the word is higher rather than lower-and consequently answers the problem incorrectly.From the perspective of cognitive psychology, Missy's difficulty is due to:

Accepted Answer

A) Negative transfer 
B) Her limited working memory capacity 
C) The way she encodes the problem 
D) The fact that she is retrieving information she has learned in a rote rather than meaningful fashion 
A) Negative transfer 
B) Her limited working memory capacity 
C) The way she encodes the problem 
D) The fact that she is retrieving information she has learned in a rote rather than meaningful fashion

Question 3

Nathan has been playing golf with his parents for many years.When he goes out for the school baseball team, he has trouble hitting the ball because he keeps confusing the swing of the bat with how he swings a golf club.Nathan's difficulty reflects:

Accepted Answer

A) Negative transfer 
B) General transfer 
C) Rote learning 
D) Mental set in problem solving 
A) Negative transfer 
B) General transfer 
C) Rote learning 
D) Mental set in problem solving

Question 4

Three of the following teachers should help their students solve problems more effectively? Which teacher probably will not?

Accepted Answer

A) Ms.Azari teaches students abstract principles of logic 
B) Ms.Bennington has students work on difficult problems in small, cooperative groups. 
C) When students struggle with arithmetic word problems, Mr.Costas gives them subtle hints about how to proceed. 
D) Mr.Driver presents many ill-defined problems in biology and asks students to make each one more specific and clear-cut. 
E) g., "If all As are Bs and all Bs are Cs, then..."). 
A) Ms.Azari teaches students abstract principles of logic 
B) Ms.Bennington has students work on difficult problems in small, cooperative groups. 
C) When students struggle with arithmetic word problems, Mr.Costas gives them subtle hints about how to proceed. 
D) Mr.Driver presents many ill-defined problems in biology and asks students to make each one more specific and clear-cut. 
E) g., "If all As are Bs and all Bs are Cs, then...").

Question 5

How does note taking affect students' recall of lecture information?

Accepted Answer

A) It increases recall. 
B) It increases recall for details but not for main ideas. 
C) It increases recall only if the notes are quite brief. 
D) It interferes with recall, because students are less likely to pay attention when they're taking notes. 
A) It increases recall. 
B) It increases recall for details but not for main ideas. 
C) It increases recall only if the notes are quite brief. 
D) It interferes with recall, because students are less likely to pay attention when they're taking notes.

Question 6

Critical thinking can best be described as involving:

Accepted Answer

A) Keeping an open mind 
B) Using heuristics to solve problems 
C) Judging the worth of information or arguments 
D) Knowing the best course of action to take in complex situations 
A) Keeping an open mind 
B) Using heuristics to solve problems 
C) Judging the worth of information or arguments 
D) Knowing the best course of action to take in complex situations

Question 7

Judging from the textbook's discussion of students' ability to identify important information, when will students be most likely to identify something in a lesson as being important?

Accepted Answer

A) When their teacher writes it on the chalkboard 
B) When it is an abstract theme that underlies a lesson 
C) When it is presented at the beginning of a lesson 
D) When it is presented at the end of a lesson 
A) When their teacher writes it on the chalkboard 
B) When it is an abstract theme that underlies a lesson 
C) When it is presented at the beginning of a lesson 
D) When it is presented at the end of a lesson

Question 8

Which is the best example of someone using a heuristic in problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A) John wants to buy a computer.He compares prices at different computer stores and buys whatever is least expensive. 
B) Susan wants to know how long it will take her to drive from Phoenix to Los Angeles.She knows that the distance is 400 miles, and she figures she will average 50 miles an hour with stops, so she predicts the trip will take 8 hours. 
C) Vinnie has a round hot tub that is 6 feet in diameter; he wants to build a top to cover it.He remembers the formula for calculating the area of a circle and works out how many square feet of lumber he needs. 
D) Marion can't think of a plot for the short story she needs to write.She breaks her task into smaller pieces: First she will decide who or what her main character will be, then she will think of a conflict for the character to experience, and finally she will identify a reasonable resolution of the conflict. 
A) John wants to buy a computer.He compares prices at different computer stores and buys whatever is least expensive. 
B) Susan wants to know how long it will take her to drive from Phoenix to Los Angeles.She knows that the distance is 400 miles, and she figures she will average 50 miles an hour with stops, so she predicts the trip will take 8 hours. 
C) Vinnie has a round hot tub that is 6 feet in diameter; he wants to build a top to cover it.He remembers the formula for calculating the area of a circle and works out how many square feet of lumber he needs. 
D) Marion can't think of a plot for the short story she needs to write.She breaks her task into smaller pieces: First she will decide who or what her main character will be, then she will think of a conflict for the character to experience, and finally she will identify a reasonable resolution of the conflict.

Question 9

Three of the following factors influence students' ability to use effective study strategies.Which one is largely irrelevant to students' use of effective strategies?

Accepted Answer

A) Whether they've been taught effective strategies 
B) Whether they are "morning people" or "night owls" 
C) How well they have monitored their comprehension during previous study sessions 
D) Whether an assessment task calls for word-for-word memorization or true understanding 
A) Whether they've been taught effective strategies 
B) Whether they are "morning people" or "night owls" 
C) How well they have monitored their comprehension during previous study sessions 
D) Whether an assessment task calls for word-for-word memorization or true understanding

Question 10

Leo has recently studied the principle of reinforcement in his psychology class.He is now trying to teach his daughter good table manners.From the perspective of cognitive psychology, is Leo likely to use the principle of reinforcement in helping his daughter learn manners?

Accepted Answer

A) Definitely yes 
B) Definitely no 
C) Only if he has previously learned the principle of reinforcement to a level of automaticity 
D) Only if he retrieves the principle of reinforcement at the time he is teaching his daughter 
A) Definitely yes 
B) Definitely no 
C) Only if he has previously learned the principle of reinforcement to a level of automaticity 
D) Only if he retrieves the principle of reinforcement at the time he is teaching his daughter

Question 11

Which one of the following is the best example of positive transfer?

Accepted Answer

A) Robert is trying to learn the spelling of the word shepherd; he remembers how he learned to spell lighthouse by putting two words together and so writes "sheepherd." 
B) Vince notices that rules of grammar are not always the same in English and Japanese. 
C) Zelda uses the formula for calculating the area of circles when she wants to figure out how much bigger a 10-inch pizza is than a 7-inch pizza. 
D) David is trying to learn to program a computer.He reads his programming manual but is confused by some of its instructions. 
A) Robert is trying to learn the spelling of the word shepherd; he remembers how he learned to spell lighthouse by putting two words together and so writes "sheepherd." 
B) Vince notices that rules of grammar are not always the same in English and Japanese. 
C) Zelda uses the formula for calculating the area of circles when she wants to figure out how much bigger a 10-inch pizza is than a 7-inch pizza. 
D) David is trying to learn to program a computer.He reads his programming manual but is confused by some of its instructions.

Question 12

Three of the following are examples of comprehension monitoring.Which one is not?

Accepted Answer

A) After reading a chapter in a textbook, Annette makes sure she has accomplished the objectives listed on the chapter's first page. 
B) Bruce asks himself questions about the material he is reading and tries to answer them. 
C) Cara stops at the end of each section to see if she can summarize what she's just read. 
D) Dwayne looks at all the headings and subheadings in a chapter before he begins to read the chapter itself. 
A) After reading a chapter in a textbook, Annette makes sure she has accomplished the objectives listed on the chapter's first page. 
B) Bruce asks himself questions about the material he is reading and tries to answer them. 
C) Cara stops at the end of each section to see if she can summarize what she's just read. 
D) Dwayne looks at all the headings and subheadings in a chapter before he begins to read the chapter itself.

Question 13

Adolescents who learn a second language often apply patterns of speech production used in their native tongue and thereby speak the second language with an accent.This phenomenon can best be described as an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) General transfer 
B) Situated cognition 
C) Positive transfer 
D) Negative transfer 
A) General transfer 
B) Situated cognition 
C) Positive transfer 
D) Negative transfer

Question 14

Considering the textbook's views on general transfer, which one of the following is most likely to transfer across very different situations?

Accepted Answer

A) The ability to be creative 
B) The ability to memorize a poem 
C) The ability to take good notes on a lecture 
D) The ability to remember complex ideas 
A) The ability to be creative 
B) The ability to memorize a poem 
C) The ability to take good notes on a lecture 
D) The ability to remember complex ideas

Question 15

Considering trends in metacognitive development, choose the only accurate statement among the following alternatives.

Accepted Answer

A) Students generally know the things they know and the things they don't. 
B) Elementary students have a better sense of what they do and don't know than high school students do. 
C) Students tend to know a great many things that they don't realize they know. 
D) Students across the K-12 grade span often think they know things that they really 
A) Students generally know the things they know and the things they don't. 
B) Elementary students have a better sense of what they do and don't know than high school students do. 
C) Students tend to know a great many things that they don't realize they know. 
D) Students across the K-12 grade span often think they know things that they really

From the perspective of cognitive psychology, why should we not expect students to solve complex problems in their heads?

Nathan has been playing golf with his parents for many years.When he goes out for the school baseball team, he has trouble hitting the ball because he keeps confusing the swing of the bat with how he swings a golf club.Nathan's difficulty reflects:

Three of the following teachers should help their students solve problems more effectively? Which teacher probably will not?

How does note taking affect students' recall of lecture information?

Critical thinking can best be described as involving:

Judging from the textbook's discussion of students' ability to identify important information, when will students be most likely to identify something in a lesson as being important?

Which is the best example of someone using a heuristic in problem solving?

Three of the following factors influence students' ability to use effective study strategies.Which one is largely irrelevant to students' use of effective strategies?

Leo has recently studied the principle of reinforcement in his psychology class.He is now trying to teach his daughter good table manners.From the perspective of cognitive psychology, is Leo likely to use the principle of reinforcement in helping his daughter learn manners?

Which one of the following is the best example of positive transfer?

Three of the following are examples of comprehension monitoring.Which one is not?

Adolescents who learn a second language often apply patterns of speech production used in their native tongue and thereby speak the second language with an accent.This phenomenon can best be described as an example of:

Considering the textbook's views on general transfer, which one of the following is most likely to transfer across very different situations?

Considering trends in metacognitive development, choose the only accurate statement among the following alternatives.

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters

Exam 8: Complex Cognitive Processes

From the perspective of cognitive psychology, why should we not expect students to solve complex problems in their heads?

Nathan has been playing golf with his parents for many years.When he goes out for the school baseball team, he has trouble hitting the ball because he keeps confusing the swing of the bat with how he swings a golf club.Nathan's difficulty reflects:

Three of the following teachers should help their students solve problems more effectively? Which teacher probably will not?

How does note taking affect students' recall of lecture information?

Critical thinking can best be described as involving:

Judging from the textbook's discussion of students' ability to identify important information, when will students be most likely to identify something in a lesson as being important?

Which is the best example of someone using a heuristic in problem solving?

Three of the following factors influence students' ability to use effective study strategies.Which one is largely irrelevant to students' use of effective strategies?

Leo has recently studied the principle of reinforcement in his psychology class.He is now trying to teach his daughter good table manners.From the perspective of cognitive psychology, is Leo likely to use the principle of reinforcement in helping his daughter learn manners?

Which one of the following is the best example of positive transfer?

Three of the following are examples of comprehension monitoring.Which one is not?

Adolescents who learn a second language often apply patterns of speech production used in their native tongue and thereby speak the second language with an accent.This phenomenon can best be described as an example of:

Considering the textbook's views on general transfer, which one of the following is most likely to transfer across very different situations?

Considering trends in metacognitive development, choose the only accurate statement among the following alternatives.

Teaching and Educational Psychology

Cognitive and Linguistic Development

Personal and Social Development

Group Differences

Individual Differences and Special Educational Needs

Learning and Cognitive Processes

Knowledge Construction

Behaviorist Views of Learning

Social Cognitive Views of Learning

Motivation and Affect

Instructional Strategies

Creating a Productive Learning Environment

Classroom Assessment Strategies

Filters