Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

The Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov discovered that ________.

A correlation coefficient is represented by the symbol ________.

In an experiment, a researcher manipulates one variable to see how it affects a second variable. The second variable, which is observed for any possible effects, is called the __________.

Sigmund Freud was the father of psychology.

What is random assignment?

The question "Why is it happening?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?

A person who has suffered a major stroke and is now experiencing severe personality problems because of the damage would BEST be advised to see a ________.

The majority of psychologists are self-employed or work for private, not-for-profit agencies.

Which research method involves watching behaviors as they occur without intervening or altering the behaviors in any way?

In a laboratory, smokers are asked to "drive" using a computerized driving simulator equipped with a stick shift and a gas pedal. The object is to maximize the distance covered by driving as fast as possible on a winding road while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some of the participants smoke a real cigarette immediately before climbing into the driver's seat. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. You are interested in comparing how many collisions the two groups have. In this study, the independent variable is ________.

________is an experiment in which participants do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group, but the experimenters do know which participants are part of which group.

Gestalt psychology attempted to discover:

Which of the following is a common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association?

Experimenters can justify the use of deception because ________.

A negative correlation means that ________.

Each day in class, Dr. Helms explains to his students that they are wonderful whether they are academic successes or failures. He also points out that each individual consciously chooses to attend class and study and that these choices dramatically affect whether one is academically successful. Dr. Helms is most likely a _______ psychologist.

A correlation tells us:

Which of the following terms do NOT belong together?

Cognitive neuroscientists can examine the brain with ________.

Research in which a carefully selected group of people is asked a set of predetermined questions in interviews or through questionnaires is known as __________.